1. AGENT SOCIETIES

2. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies ? environment percepts actions sensors effectors agent Single  Multiple Agents

3. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Communication l Channel l Language l Protocol

4. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Communication communicate - “to make common” communicative action = “a social action oriented to reaching understanding” (Habermas)  understanding includes consensus! communication as a means for negotiation (Sycara) DADA DBDB DCDC consistent design goals Agent A Agent B Agent C Observer

5. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Common ground for situated communication Common ground = the presuppositions that are taken for granted by an agent to be the shared background of the participants in the conversation established & increased through current and previous communication Common ground a notion subjective to the agent, grounded in its experience a social notion connecting the individually grounded experience to the other participant(s) (different participant(s) => different common ground) Common ground is a means to adapt communication to the specific agent (addressee & speaker)

6. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Common ground supports the generation of representations (messages) for a specific purpose (specific agent with specific knowledge/capabilities) Common ground thus makes communication more efficient than using static object schemas The concept of common ground can be embodied by situated design agents Common ground: A key for agent-based modelling

7. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Society What is needed to form a society? l Common communication l Common values l Common expectations l Influence

8. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Group impact Individual agency has an entirely different group impact according to the particular global structures at the time of the action

9. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Group impact –cont.

10. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Group impact –cont.

11. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Group impact –cont.

12. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Group impact –cont.

13. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies

16. Forming societies

17. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies

18. Self-organisation: Example

19. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Self-organisation: Example

20. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Self-organisation: Example

21. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Self-organisation: Example

22. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Self-organisation: Example

23. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Self-organisation: Example

24. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Social reasoning Agent A (“shaft agent”) (expert in shafts (a)) Agent B (“gear agent”) (expert in gears (b)) Agent C (“bearing agent”) (expert in bearings (c)) DADA DBDB DCDC bac bcbcabab abcabc bac bcbcabab abcabcbac bcbcabab abcabc Agents construct a design state space (D) relating to the whole design

25. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Curious art evolver

26. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Modelling Interest Berlyne’s model of arousal based on novelty using Wundt curve

27. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies (interactive Genetic Art III)

28. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Different novelty preferences

29. John S Gero Agents – Agent Societies Situated Creative Designing  Design agents send “artworks” that they find interesting to other agents.  If other design agents find the artwork interesting they send back a an expression of interest.  To be considered creative, design agents have to innovate in ways that other design agents can appreciate.  Design agents that develop the same interests in the space of possibilities form emergent “cliques”.     Emergent society of creative agents ( after Saunders and Gero)