1. KS3 Energy

2. The ULTIMATE energy source
The sun is the ultimate source of all our energy.
For example, we often get energy from beef:
BEEF comes from COWS,
COWS eat GRASS,
GRASS gets energy from the sun by PHOTOSYNTHESIS

3. The 9 types of energy Type 3 example sources Heat Kinetic (movement)
Nuclear
Sound
Light
Chemical
Electrical
Gravitational potential
Elastic potential

4. Electricity Light + heat
Energy changes
To describe an energy change for a light bulb we need to do 3 steps:
1) Write down the starting energy:
3) Write down what energy types are given out:
2) Draw an arrow
Electricity Light + heat
What are the energy changes for the following…?
An electric fire
A rock about to drop
An arrow about to be fired

5. Conservation of Energy
In any energy change there is ALWAYS some “waste” energy:
e.g. a light bulb:
Electricity Light heat
In this example HEAT is wasted – it’s given to the surroundings. Waste energy is virtually always heat and it’s always given to the surroundings.

6. Heat transfer
1) Conduction – this is when heat is passed on through a solid by vibrations of particles:
2) Convection – this is when “heated stuff” moves somewhere else and takes heat with it:
3) Radiation – this is when heat is moved by “heat waves” (infra-red) – this is how heat reaches us from the sun:

7. Power stations
Generator
Turbine
Cooling tower
Transformer
Boiler

8. What does each part do?
The boiler is where the fuel is burnt to boil water
The steam from the boiler is used to turn a turbine
The turbine is connected to the generator, which acts like a dynamo – it generates electricity out of movement
The steam is cooled down and turned back into water in the cooling tower

9. Renewable vs. non-renewable fuels
A ________ energy source is blatantly one that can be _______ (“renew = make again”), e.g. _____, solar power etc. Biomass is also an example of a renewable energy source – ______ is a form of biomass.
A ___________ energy source is one that when it has been used it is gone forever. The main examples are ____, oil and gas (which are called ______ ____, as they are made from fossils), and nuclear fuel.
Words to use – non-renewable, coal, wind, renewable, fossil fuels, wood, renewed

10. Non-renewable energy sources
Advantages
Disadvantages
Pollution – CO2 leads to global warming and SO2 leads to acid rain
Cheap fuel costs
Coal, oil, gas and nuclear
Good for “basic demand”
Fuel will run out
Costs a lot of money to decommission a nuclear plant
Short start-up time

11. Other ways of generating electricity…
Can we drive the turbine without burning anything?

12. Other ways of generating electricity…
Wind
Hydro-electric
Wave
Tidal

13. Renewable energy sources
Advantages
Disadvantages
Often depend on the weather – is it sunny???
Clean
Coal, oil, gas and nuclear
Won’t run out
Very expensive
Energy is “dilute” – in other words, it’s very spread out
Easily accessible