1. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 „The Concept of Cleaner Production“ BUP Teachers Conference on Environmental Management Borki-Molo, Poland, June 28th – July 2nd, 2006 Mickael Planasch Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology

2. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Disclaimer  This series of slides is made for a class room presentation and not for a scientific publication  Many of the figures and photos are taken from other publications or presentations; the original authors might not be cited completely on the slides  This set of slides may not be cited as a source for the material included!  For more information please contact: planasch@tugraz.at

3. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006

4. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Environmental protection reduced air and water pollution 1985 2000 2015 1985 2000 2015 end-of-pipe – treatment recycling reuse incineration save disposal

5. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 What we have learned  Pro:  Environmental technologies lead to a significant reduction of emissions (at least per product)  But:  Environmental technologies are expensive and need further input of materials, energy and manpower  no economic incentives for industry – in general higher production costs  regulatory approach, industry looks for countries with less strict regulations

6. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Raw Material Auxiliary Material Operating Material Energy Process Maintainance Investment/Depreciation Personal Costs Product Half-finished product Emissions Process Raw Material Auxiliary Material Operating Material Energy Maintainance Investment/Depreciation Personal Costs Emissions Product Half-finished product Process … + Disposal costs Costs for Emissions handling + disposal costs Inefficiencies in all previous processes

7. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Eco-efficiency, IPPC, CP 1985 2000 2015 1985 2000 2015 good housekeeping waste minimization closing cycles energy efficiency Cleaner Production

8. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Raw Material Auxiliary Material Operating Material Energy Process Maintainance Investment/Depreciation Personal Costs Product Half-finished product Emissions Process Raw Material Auxiliary Material Operating Material Energy Maintainance Investment/Depreciation Personal Costs Emissions Product Half-finished product Process … + Disposal costs Costs for Emissions handling + disposal costs Inefficiencies in all previous processes CP options!

9. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Total Waste Water Costs: Textile Company in Austria in 2005 Taking Depreciation, Maintainance and Personal Costs into account: add factor 4-5!!!

10. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Cleaner Production

11. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Cleaner Production  Is the conceptual and procedural approach to production that demands that all phases of the life-cycle of a product or of a process should be addressed with the objective of prevention or minimization of short and long-term risks to humans and to the environment

12. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Cleaner Production  The goal is to improve the eco-efficiency in companies by implementation of technical or organisational actions  By reducing the negative effects to the environment operating costs are reduced  Cleaner Production works with process integrated – preventive - methods instead of End-of-Pipe solutions

13. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 There are some basic methods/techniques to implement CP in companies But Every single company has different problems. So there is no time the same solution for two different problems! Every solution is unique, due to the specific features of every company.

14. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 5 Basic Principles of CP  Input-Substitution  Good Housekeeping  Internal Recycling  Technological Optimisation/Change  Optimisation of the Product

15. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Input-Substitution  Use of less hazardous raw-, auxiliary- or operational materials  Use of operating materials with a longer life-time

16. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Good Housekeeping  Increasing the Material and Energy efficiency with actions in the process. Try to fetch the „Low anging fruits“  Reducing losses due to leakage  Training of employees  …

17. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Internal Recycling  Closing of Material and Energy Loops (Water, Solvents,…)  Cascading of Material and Energy streams

18. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Technological Optimisation/Change  Implementation of new technologies  Improved process control  Redesign of processes  Change in or Substitution of hazardous processes

19. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Optimisation of the Product  Increasing the life-time  Easier reparing  Easier demanufacturing, recycling or deposition  Use of non-hazardous materials

20. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Leather straps for watches cross section through strap functions: cover leather: design inlay: shape base leather: strength glue: adhesion 4 functions provided by 4 different materials product is : durable ? recyclable ? repairable? cheap ? Where can we use: recycled material less material ….

21. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 recycling parts for base strap and glue

22. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Internal recycling  re-utilization of materials (solvents,...)  reuse of materials for different purpose (paper, solvents for inferior use i.e. pre-cleaning...)  closing of loops (water)  multi way systems (packaging materials)  reclaiming of materials with high value

23. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Difference between internal and external recycling  Internal recycling reduces the amount of materials purchased  external recycling has no influence to amounts of materials purchased  the use of wastes / emissions in an other process at the same industrial site is not considered as recycling

24. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Flow of Acetone a mass flow analysis for internal reuse before after and filter

25. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Heuberger eloxal year Source: STENUM, 2004 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 19961997199819992000200120022003 Continuous Improvement Redesign of processes Meeting regulations

26. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Examples for CP results

27. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 How to implement CP actions in companies  Get to know the process:  What are the processes units?, e.g. in electro-plating: degreasing, etching, bondering, rinsing  Understand the process with its chemical and physical connections  Draw a Flowsheet with all (!!!) Input and Output- streams and all interrelationships (quantitative)  Take a closer look at the most important material streams (qualitative and economically, m³/a, EUR/a)  Look at existing cross-media effects

28. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 How to implement CP actions in companies  Material and Energy balance  Identify the weak points of the process: it is easier to convince companies to take actions if the economic benefits are clear at the start, so  Identify the low-hanging fruits  Define process optimisations

29. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 The future

30. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 The shift from continuous improvements to redesign 1985 2000 2015 1985 2000 2015

31. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 The paradigm shift in environmental protection Fighting symptoms Sub-system optimization Meta-system optimization System optimization 1985 2000 2015 1985 2000 2015

32. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Mobility catalyst 3-liter car mix of transport technologies why mobility

33. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology The Concept of Cleaner Production June 30, 2006 Thank you, for your attention!