1. The Search for Spock The Scientific Search for Extraterrestrial Life Or Graur Student Seminar 26.03.09

2. The Drake Equation N=R*f p *n e *f l *f i *f c *L

3. The Water Hole 1959: Morrison & Cocconi H - 21 cm -> 1.42 GHz OH - 18.3 cm -> 1.64 GHz Hipschman R., Project SERENDIP: Searching for Life in the Cosmos, What ’ s New in the World, 29.10.97

4. Project OZMA: 1960  Two G stars: Epsilon Eridani & Tau Ceti  1420 Mhz  85 ft radio telescope at Green Bank  150 hours  nada

5. The Goldilocks Region Kasting, Whitmire & Reynolds (1993)

6. The GHZ Lineweaver, et al. (2004)

7. The GHZ Lineweaver, et al. (2004)

8. Phoenix: 1995-2004  Parkes 64m + Mopra 22m (Australia)  Green Bank 140ft + Woodbury (USA)  Arecibo (Puerto Rico)  800 G-type stars out to 200 lyr.  1-3 Mhz region, 1Hz resolution  Conclusion: “ We live in a quiet neighborhood. ”

9. SERENDIP: 1979 - #channelsPhase 100I 65KII 4MIII 168MIV  piggybacking  Signal resolution of 0.6 Hz Sullivan, et al. (1997)

10.  0.25 MB = 50 seconds of a 20 kHz chunk  Signal widths of 0.1-2000 Hz Sullivan, et al. (1997)

11. Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing ~25 projects:  SETI@home  LHC@home – LHC simulations  Einstein@home – pulsar survey based on LIGO, GEO  Chess960@home  SIMAP – similarity between proteins  Rosetta@home – 3-D shape of proteins

12.  680,000 participants in 245 countries  1,000,000 computers  400 TeraFLOPS (more than IBM ’ s 2006 supercomputer BlueGene)  12 Petabytes of free disk space  SETI@home: 2.7 million years of computer time Anderson D. P., A Million Years of Computing, talk at the Singapore National Library, May 2006 Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing

13. Allan Telescope Array: 2007 -  Hat Creek Radio Observatory (N Cal)  Dedicated wholly to SETI  350 6.1m antennae => S S<100m 2  0.5-11 GHz  Two paths: non-natural signals from 10 5 -10 6 stars out to 1000 lyr.non-natural signals from 10 5 -10 6 stars out to 1000 lyr. Directed message in the water hole region from 10 10 stars in inner galactic planeDirected message in the water hole region from 10 10 stars in inner galactic plane

14. ATA – other objectives  Classify 2.5x10 5 extragalactic radio sources as either AGN or starburst galaxies.  Gravitational lens candidates for dark matter/energy detection.  Metallicity in the Milky Way  Radio transients  And much, much more

15. Lick Optical SETI: 2000 -  5,039 F,G,K,M stars out to 200 lyr.  300-900 nm range  Search for nanosecond laser pulses  Other surveys: Leuschner, Harvard Smithsonian, Princeton, Columbus-Ohio

16. Central Casting Syndrome

18. Life on Mars? Canals 1877: Giovanni Schiaparelli (1877)

19. Life on Mars? ALH84001  Discovered: 27.12.84  Shocked: 06.08.96  “ structures ” 20-100 nm in diameter  Traces of amino acids and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)  Martian? Antarctic? Not biological?  Conclusive? Eh …

20. Life on Mars? Methane! Mumma, et al. (2009)