1. Forensic Drug Analysis CONFIRMATION TESTS LABORATORY BASED DRUG TESTS
PART 3
Forensic Drug Analysis CONFIRMATION TESTS LABORATORY BASED DRUG TESTS

2. Confirmation Tests
Tests that are performed after screening tests are complete to signify exactly what the unknown substance is.
Qualitative and Quantitative Tests are performed.
A Qualitative test is performed first (to tell what type of drug is present)
A Quantitative test is done second (to tell how much drug is present.) Example: A white powder maybe 20% cocaine, 80% baking soda

3. FIVE tests used by Forensic Chemists to determine an unknown drug
COLOR TEST (5) PRESUMPTIVE TEST
MICORCRYSTALLINE TEST CONFIRMATION TEST
CHROMATOGRAPY TEST (2) CONFIRMATION TEST
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (2) CONFIRMATION TEST
MASS SPECTROMETRY CONFIRMATION TEST

4. COLOR TEST (5)
Marquis Test= Identifies alkaloid drugs (pH ). A mixture of formaldehyde and sulfuric acid drips into the drug for a color change. The color indicates the drug. MOST ECSTACY DRUG KITS have the contents of the Marquis Test Dark purple= Ecstacy, Orange-brown= Meth, Excederin= dark red
Dillie-Koppanyi Test= reagent= methanol Barbiturates turn violet-blue
Duquenois-Levine Test= in the test is Ethanal, Vanillin, HCl, chloroform. Marijuana turns purple
Van Urk Test=an aldehyde in HCl/ H2SO4 LSD= purple, Psilocybin (mushrooms)= red-brown
Scott Test= reagent= Cobalt thiocyanate/HCl/Chloroform Cocaine turns blue, pink, blue

5. Spot tests Identification
Reagent
Positive Result
Possible Drugs Present
Marquis
Purple Orange-Brown
Heroin, Morphine, & most opium derivatives Mixture of Amphetamines and Methamphetamines
Dillie-Koppanyi
Violet-Blue
Barbiturates
Duquenois-Levine
Purple
Marijuana
Van Urk
Blue-Purple
LSD
Scott Test
Blue
Cocaine

6. Marquis Dillie-Koppanyi Duquenois-Levine

8. MICROCYSTALLINE TEST

9. MICROCYSTALLINE TEST COCAINE METHAMPHETAMINE
A test in which the scientist adds a drop of the suspected substance to a chemical on a slide. The mixture will begin to form crystals. Each type of drug has an individual crystal pattern when seen under a polarized light microscope.
COCAINE METHAMPHETAMINE

10. CHROMATOGRAPHY

11. Forensic Chromatography Lab

12. LC or GC
High performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography are extremely sensitive techniques utilized in the analysis of drugs, body fluids, fire accelerants.

13. Types of Chromatography
Paper Chromatography
Gas Chromatography
Liquid Chromatography
Thin-Layer Chromatography
Ion Exchange Chromatography
Affinity Chromatography
Chromatography is used extensively in forensics, from analyzing body fluids for the presence of illicit drugs, to fiber analysis, blood analysis from a crime scene, and at airports to detect residue from explosives

14. CHROMATOGRAPY Separate and Identify components of a drug.
It involves passing a mixture dissolved in a "mobile phase" through a stationary phase, which separates the compound to be measured from other molecules in the mixture based on differential partitioning between the mobile and stationary bases

15. Chromatograph of THC

16. Thin-Layer Chromatography
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique used to separate mixtures.
Thin layer chromatography is performed on a sheet of glass, plastic, or aluminum foil, which is coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material, usually silica gel.
This layer of adsorbent is known as the stationary phase

17. Gas Chromatography
Book on chromatography
$100
300 pages of graphs

18. GC machine
GC machines can cost $600- $30,000
Average cost is $16,000

19. GC analysis

20. Spectrophotometry

21. Mass Spectrometry
A band of charged particles of different masses formed when a beam of ions is passed through the deflecting fields of a mass spectroscope, from which the masses of atoms, molecules, or isotopes can be determined.

22. Mass Spectrum of Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine

23. UV-visible light spectrometers
UV-visible light spectrometers are employed for accurate quantitative analysis of colored samples

24. Infrared (IR) Spectrophotometry
Equivalent to a human’s fingerprint in terms of drug identification

25. IR spectrum of Cocaine base

26. How much does a Mass-Spec cost?
$100,000 to $800,000 depending on functions

27. Mass Spec of Caffeine

29. GC/MS Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Isolates the drug from any mixing agents or other substances that might be combined with it.
A small amount of the substance is injected into the gas chromatograph.
Different molecules move through the chromatograph's column at different speeds based on their density.
For example, heavier compounds move more slowly, while lighter compounds move more quickly.
Then the sample is funneled into a mass spectrometer, where an electron beam hits it and causes it to break apart.
How the substance breaks apart can help the technicians tell what type of substance it is.

30. GC/MS
Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer, is used to separate, detect, identify and determine the content of chemicals in a large variety of samples. GC/MS is the preferred confirmatory method of analysis by the National Institute on Drug Abuse