1. Chandra User’s Committee Meeting (6/27/04) P. Slane (Chandra Mission Planning) Constrained and Coordinated Observations Chandra Mission Planning Response to Questions from Chandra User’s Committee

2. Chandra User’s Committee Meeting (6/27/04) P. Slane (Chandra Mission Planning) Statistics on Constraints “How many observations are actually constrained, and in what category (e.g., approved by peer review, preferences expressed in forms, constraints added by users after their programs were approved, DDT observations, etc.)?” The statistics are summarized in the following table. Specific items to note are: Nominally, the limit for constrained observations is supposed to be 20%. This is intended to mean that constrained observations should not exceed 20% by number or time, but things are usually tallied by number at peer review. Most DDT observations are constrained in some way. Some are the equivalent of TOOs while others are the equivalent of somewhat right time windows and/or monitoring programs. Tracking constraints (or preferences) that have been added after peer review can be difficult, and some such constraints are satisfied without the constraints ever making it into the database. Operationally this probably seems larger than it really is. There is some double-counting of constrained observations in the database compilation because of splitting of ObsIDs. This should be relatively small.

3. Chandra User’s Committee Meeting (6/27/04) P. Slane (Chandra Mission Planning) Statistics on Constraints AOTOTTOTTPRC%TPRC%ACTACPRPAPDDTDCDPTOTC% 1102522.2188184.1181073.620127.634 285221.5236286.631691.434228.037 392922.5225246.027761.54463057.634 488920.0169194.32150.1635231854.422 583023.9279375.523371.1422141156.929 AO: Observing Cycle TOT: Total number of targets TOTT: Total observing time (Ms) PRC: Targets w/ peer-reviewed constraints (includes CAL and GTO) TPRC: Time for targets w/ peer-reviewed constraints AC: Number of targets w/ added constraints TAC: Time for targets w/ added constraints PRP: Targets w/ peer-reviewed preferences (includes CAL and GTO) AP: Number of targets w/ added preferences DDT: Director’s Discretionary Time targets DC: DDT observations w/ constraints DP: DDT observations w/ preferences TOTC: Total constrained time (not including preferences) “How many observations are actually constrained, and in what category (e.g., approved by peer review, preferences expressed in forms, constraints added by users after their programs were approved, DDT observations, etc.)?”

4. Chandra User’s Committee Meeting (6/27/04) P. Slane (Chandra Mission Planning) Constrained and Coordinated Observations “What is the appropriate overall number of constrained observations (health and safety vs. scientific value), and how many should be given out by the peer review vs. DDT? This should include a discussion of the load on CXC planning and operating staff.” Constrained observations do not, in general, represent a health and safety issue. - Constraints are identified in advance and evaluated at several points in planning process; such observations are done safely or not at all. - TOO/DDT observations are more an issue for health and safety since these require rapid replanning and detailed review. These are a large manpower load. The primary “costs” for constrained observations are: 1. Difficulty and loss of flexibility in scheduling - All constraints (and most preferences) are met in initial long-term schedule. - Competition between observing constraints, spacecraft constraints, & visibility.

5. Chandra User’s Committee Meeting (6/27/04) P. Slane (Chandra Mission Planning) Constraint Checks: Roll violations Sunblock Phase constraints Windows Radzones Pitch angle Coordinations Monitoring

6. Chandra User’s Committee Meeting (6/27/04) P. Slane (Chandra Mission Planning) Constrained and Coordinated Observations “What is the appropriate overall number of constrained observations (health and safety vs. scientific value), and how many should be given out by the peer review vs. DDT? This should include a discussion of the load on CXC planning and operating staff.” Constrained observations do not, in general, represent a health and safety issue. - Constraints are identified in advance and evaluated at several points in planning process; such observations are done safely or not at all. - TOO/DDT observations are more an issue for health and safety since these require rapid replanning and detailed review. These are a large manpower load. The primary “costs” for constrained observations are: 1. Difficulty and loss of flexibility in scheduling - All constraints (and most preferences) are met in initial long-term schedule. - Competition between observing constraints, spacecraft constraints, & visibility. - Future modifications difficult w/ lots of constraints (particularly if long duration). - Constraints added after LTS is built are a burden. - SOT/MP team has been reduced from 5 to 3 scientists, with 5 data aides.  Increasing number of constraints will become a manpower issue

7. Chandra User’s Committee Meeting (6/27/04) P. Slane (Chandra Mission Planning) Constrained and Coordinated Observations “What is the appropriate overall number of constrained observations (health and safety vs. scientific value), and how many should be given out by the peer review vs. DDT? This should include a discussion of the load on CXC planning and operating staff.” 2. Competing/Conflicting space for TOO/DDT observations - LTS is heavily subscribed with constrained observations. - Interruption of schedule for TOO or DDT often means working around or moving a constrained observation. - Long constrained observations are particularly difficult in this regard, as are long TOO/DDT observations.

8. Chandra User’s Committee Meeting (6/27/04) P. Slane (Chandra Mission Planning) Chandra Long-Term Schedule

9. Chandra User’s Committee Meeting (6/27/04) P. Slane (Chandra Mission Planning) Constrained and Coordinated Observations “What is the appropriate overall number of constrained observations (health and safety vs. scientific value), and how many should be given out by the peer review vs. DDT? This should include a discussion of the load on CXC planning and operating staff.” 2. Competing/Conflicting space for TOO/DDT observations - LTS is heavily subscribed with constrained observations. - Interruption of schedule for TOO or DDT often means working around or moving a constrained observation. - Long constrained observations are particularly difficult in this regard, as are long TOO/DDT observations. 3. Efficiency and conflicts w/ spacecraft constraints - As spacecraft constraints become more restrictive, constraints are more difficult to accommodate. Example: EPHIN pitch constraints and need for “cool” targets. (This now dominates scheduling difficulties.) - Minimizing slew time is more difficult with large numbers of constrained observations. Pre-launch simulations indicated 20% was ok; we aim for that. Current number of constraints awarded at peer review is probably a bit high. Higher levels would certainly be a burden.

10. Chandra User’s Committee Meeting (6/27/04) P. Slane (Chandra Mission Planning) Constrained and Coordinated Observations “What is the appropriate overall number of constrained observations (health and safety vs. scientific value), and how many should be given out by the peer review vs. DDT? This should include a discussion of the load on CXC planning and operating staff.” Coordinated observations require more effort than typical constrained targets. - Planning/negotiation with planners from other observatories is manpower intensive (and often iterative). - Number per cycle is shown in table; this does not include a fair number of “preference” coordinations that have been supported. - Pitch angle restrictions introduce additional complications because many observatories have pitch angle restrictions very near 90 degrees (Chandra’s “bad pitch” zone). - Increasing number beyond current levels would be a considerable burden. AO# 149 251 331 426 555 Time available for DDT observations: 1 Ms for Cycle 1-4; 700 ks in Cycle 5 - full allotment not used in Cycles 1, 2, 4 - large single segments (~500 ks) used in Cycles 1, 2 – not highly constrained - overall percentage of constrained budget is this not large; primary difficulty is more along lines of TOO-like nature of many DDT observations

11. Chandra User’s Committee Meeting (6/27/04) P. Slane (Chandra Mission Planning) Changing Allowed Constraints and Formats “Can the constraints be changed for the ease of users (e.g., allow setting time constraints in GST)?” The short answer is “Yes, if necessary, but it can be a large task.” Here’s why: RPS: The proposal submission software requires modification to accommodate new constraints or new ways to specify existing constraints. Our version of RPS is under CXC control and modifications are performed by CXC staff. Databases: If modifications require new fields, new ranges, or multiple values, the proposal and/or observation databases require restructuring. New elements must be added to databases, software to populate/query these must be modified, and many individual scripts need to be updated. Spike: The long-term scheduling software has a fixed set of constraints that it can handle. New constraints require modification of the software. Spike is maintained and modified by STScI through a support contract. OFLS: The off-line system scheduling software is used for generating the detailed schedule (and also the spacecraft command loads). In general, new constraints need to be added here as well. Changes to this software are expensive, and the turn-around time is very long. To date, modifications have been made to support multiple roll ranges, multiple window constraints, grouping constraints, nonlinear monitoring intervals, and preferences. All have required significant software changes.

12. Chandra User’s Committee Meeting (6/27/04) P. Slane (Chandra Mission Planning) Changing Allowed Constraints and Formats “Can the constraints be changed for the ease of users (e.g., allow setting time constraints in GST)?” With specific regard to modifying the allowed constraints to support the specification of time constraints in Greenwich Sidereal Time: Note first that Chandra does not support constraints for coordinated observations with ground-based observatories. In RPS, such a request can be made as a preference only. Addition of such support would require modifications to RPS, the Proposal database, ObsCat, Spike, and the OFLS. Modifications to the two scheduling software packages could be significant. While not technically supported, to date we have coordinated a significant number of observations with the VLA. In a very small number of cases, tight restrictions on the sidereal time have been required. These have been handled “by hand.” The number of such instances have been very small. A large software modification does not seem warranted for this.