1. EUROPEAN COMMISSION Road Safety and Eco-driving Annie CANEL DGTREN – Road Safety 8 mai 2008

2. 2 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? Road Safety and Eco-driving Eco-driving, a combination of : - road safety issues - environment issues

3. 3 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? Road safety and Eco-driving. What is eco-driving ? » Attitude and respect for society and the environment » Minimising the effects of transport on the environment » Reducing the numbers of road deaths and accidents » Specific techniques for driving a car

4. 4 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? Road safety and Eco-driving Impact on environment

5. 5 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? Sectoral trends. GHG emissions from transport keep growing while other sectors’ contributions are going down Sector evolution 1990 – 2004 by sector: Sector projections 1990 – 2010 with existing measures: Source: EEA 2006

6. 6 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? Transport GHG emissions, by mode. Road dominates although international shipping and aviation are growing fast

7. 7 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? Source: TREMOVE baseline 2.41 Cars Road transport CO2 - shares

8. 8 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? Fuel economy in gears 20 0 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 406080100 120 382* 287* km/h 1 st gear 2 nd gear 3 rd gear 4 th gear 5 th gear l/100 km Source: VROM, Netherlands

9. 9 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? How Gear Shifting Affects Fuel Consumption Seat Ibiza 1,4 l. 55 kW at 50 km/hr: in 2nd gear = 3600 RPM = 8 km/l = 12.5 l/100km in 3rd gear = 2600 RPM = 12 km/l = 8.3 l/100km in 4th gear = 1900 RPM = 17 km/l = 5.9 l/100km in 5th gear = 1400 RPM = 20 km/l = 5 l/100km

10. 10 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? Fuel economy and CO2 reduction potential ECO-DRIVING training é 10% to 25% savings on average é 10% in practice HOW? Gear change at 2000 – 2500 RPM, less vehicle dynamics (acceleration/deceleration/speeding/overtaking/aggression), less idling and cold start short trips In-car devices (on-board computer, cruise control, RPM, MDD, GSI) EU 15 reduction estimates: 10% fuel costs = 25 billion litres / Euro = >50 Mton CO2 Source: VROM, Netherlands

11. 11 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? Road safety and Eco-driving Impact on road safety

12. 12 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? Road safety and Eco-driving. Eco-driving / safe driving » Evidence shows that drivers using eco-driving techniques have less accidents » The benefits of eco-driving in respect to road safety: driving is safer, due to greater anticipation and less erratic and unpredictable behaviour

13. 13 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? Eco-driving / safe driving Learner/novice drivers Professional drivers Influencing behaviour / training and testing Designing in-car devices National authorities / EU Associations and stakeholders - environment - road safety Car industry ResearchCampaignsLegislation Target groups Specific Objectives Measures Competent bodies Car industry. Different aspects

14. 14 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? » on driving licences (91/439/EEC and 2006/126/EC) » on initial qualification and periodic training of professional drivers (2003/59/EC) contain provisions for the environment-friendly use of vehicles Eco-driving / safe driving. EU legislation

15. 15 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? Some countries have already introduced eco-driving in training and testing (NL, DE, CH, SE, FI) Example in The Netherlands: Energy-conscious driving is part of the official category B training and testing curriculum: Energy-conscious driving is one of 13 criteria which can be used in reaching a pass-fail decision in the practical driving test. But: candidates will not fail on the basis of poor eco-driving as long as his/her safe driving behaviour is otherwise excellent. However, poor eco-driving can contribute to failure if other (safe driving) aspects of the candidate’s performance are found to be lacking. Eco-driving / safe driving. Experiments and pilot projects

16. 16 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ?. Eco-driving instructions to a new driving style » Shift up as soon as possible » Maintain a steady speed » Anticipate traffic flow » Decelerate smoothly » Check the tyre pressure frequently » Smooth and consistent driving, in a well-tuned vehicle Eco-driving / safe driving

17. 17 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ?. possible conflicts ? » Drifting around junctions and pedestrian crossings in an attempt not to stop » Coming too close to the vehicle in front in an effort to maximise your evenness of speed » Coasting too early and disrupting the pattern of traffic to the rear, thereby increasing the risk of a rear-end collision » Rapid acceleration to cruising speed could cause shorter safety margins to vehicles in front » Trying to stay in a high (fuel-efficient) gear, but therefore manoeuvring at too high a speed (e.g. cornering) » Switching off the engine at short stops can lead to the steering wheel locking Eco-driving / safe driving

18. 18 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? Road Safety and Eco-driving A need for : - more research on the impact of eco- driving on road safety - clear messages for policies

19. 19 DOES ECO-DRIVING CONSTITUTE SAFE DRIVING ? More information. CIECA internal project on ‘Eco-driving’ in category B driver training & the driving test (2007) - Final Report 05-11-07. Ecodriven » http://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/projects/stee r_en.htm http://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/projects/stee r_en.htm. Networks » www.eurotra.org www.eurotra.org » www.ecodrive.org www.ecodrive.org » www.hetnieuwerijden.nl www.hetnieuwerijden.nl » www.senternovem.nl www.senternovem.nl