1. Center for Information and Communication Studies Measuring (and Increasing) the Value of Academic Libraries Carol Tenopir University of Tennessee ctenopir@utk.edu ALPSP February 2011

2. Center for Information and Communication Studies

3. 1)Implicit value (i.e., usage, downloads) 2)Explicit value (i.e., interviews) 3)Derived values (i.e., ROI) Value can be measured in many ways:

4. Center for Information and Communication Studies % change in ave # of Article Readings/Year & Ave Minutes/Reading by University Faculty in the US

5. Center for Information and Communication Studies Purpose Outcomes Return on Investment (ROI) Going beyond implied value to show…

6. Center for Information and Communication Studies Methods for measuring value Usage Citations Focus groups Return on Investment Perceptions Experiments Critical incident Contingent valuation Observations Conjoint measurement Interviews

7. Center for Information and Communication Studies Series of studies  Surveys by Tenopir & King, 1977- Present using critical incident of last article reading  ROI in grants, Phase 1: case study at University of Illinois, completed 2008  ROI in grants, Phase 2: expanded to 8 countries, completed 2010  Value and ROI (2010-2012) (Lib-Value)

8. Center for Information and Communication Studies “The following questions in this section refer to the SCHOLARLY ARTICLE YOU READ MOST RECENTLY, even if you had read the article previously. Note that this last reading may not be typical, but will help us establish the range of patterns in reading.” Critical incident of last reading

9. Center for Information and Communication Studies Principal purpose of reading (Faculty in U.S. and Australia, 2004-2006, n=1433) 51% 9% 11% 9% 20% Research Teaching Current Awareness Proposals Other

10. Center for Information and Communication Studies Source of reading by purpose of reading by faculty (Faculty in U.S. and Australia, 2004-2005, n=1412) Research Teaching Current Awareness

11. Center for Information and Communication Studies Readings for research or writing More likely to be rated “absolutely essential” More likely to be found by searching More likely to be from e-sources More likely to be after the first year of publication More likely to be from the library

12. Center for Information and Communication Studies Outcomes of reading in order of frequency of responses (n=880) Inspired new thinking (55%) Improved results (40%) Changed focus (27%) Resolved technical problems (12%) Saved time (12%) Faster completion (7%) Collaboration (6%) Wasted my time (<1% of readings)

13. Center for Information and Communication Studies E-Collections improve efficiency, writing, and research “E-access is essential for scientific writing” “I could not do the kind of research or teaching I do without these resources.” “[e-access] saves me a lot of time which can be used for more extensive reading.”

14. Center for Information and Communication Studies Derived measures Return on Investment (ROI) is a quantitative measure expressed as a ratio of the value returned to the institution for each monetary unit invested in the library. For every $/€/£ spent on the library, the university received ‘X’ $/€/£ in return. Demonstrate that library collections contribute to income-generating activities

15. Center for Information and Communication Studies ROI Phases 1 and 2 Faculty Grant Research Cycle LIBRARY Conduct Research Obtain Grants Write Articles Write Reports & Proposals

16. Center for Information and Communication Studies ROI for University of Illinois grants (Phase 1) $4.38 grant income for each $1.00 invested in library (% of faculty who rated citations in proposals from library as important x % of proposals funded/library budget)

17. Center for Information and Communication Studies Phase 2: grants only 8 institutions in 8 countries

18. Center for Information and Communication Studies Phase 2: ROI findings 1.3:1 to 3.4:1 Research and Teaching STM/Hum/SS Under 1:1 Research and Teaching

19. Center for Information and Communication Studies Administration values: Measuring up 1) Attract outstanding faculty Faculty who publish more read more Faculty who receive awards read more Library is main source of article readings 2) Retain outstanding faculty “I would leave this university in a microsecond if the library deteriorated” - U.S. University

20. Center for Information and Communication Studies Administration values: measuring up 3) Foster innovative research “I am now able to explore and trace back topics and check the developments that arose along the topic history making connections that were only dreams a few years ago.” -Western European Research Institute For every article cited, 27-40 more are read 4) Build research reputation of institution In 2 universities, over 10 years an increase in library budget correlates with an increase in grant funding Faculty with more publications and citations obtain more grants.* –*Ali & Bhattacharyya, “Research Grant and Faculty Productivity Nexus: Heterogeneity among Dissimilar Institutions.” Academic Analytics

21. Center for Information and Communication Studies Administration values: Measuring up 5) Promote seamless integration of the library with institutional research activities “With the current workload, I could not continue with research without the convenience of access from my own computer” – South African University A doubling in article downloads, from 1 to 2 million, is statistically associated with dramatic increases in research productivity** **Research Information Network. 2009. E-journals: their use, value and impact. Report prepared by Research Information Network.

22. Center for Information and Communication Studies Lib-Value: Multiple institutions using multiple methods to measure multiple values for multiple stakeholders

23. Center for Information and Communication Studies Ebooks Special Collections Information Commons Journal Collections Value and ROI Teaching and Learning Reading and Scholarship Tools Website and Value Bibliography Current Projects

24. Center for Information and Communication Studies Anticipate change.. New Scholarly Endeavors That Cut Across the Library’s Functional Areas ResearchSocial / Professional Teaching / Learning Scholarly Endeavors Functional Areas E-science Collaborative Scholarship Collaborative Scholarship Institutional Repositories Institutional Repositories

25. Center for Information and Communication Studies What we can show so far… Academic library e-collections help faculty be productive and successful Libraries help generate grants income E-collections (books, journals, etc.) are valued by faculty and students ROI varies by mission and location of institution Learning/information commons are reflecting changes in student work habits

26. Center for Information and Communication Studies Some final thoughts on measuring value

27. Center for Information and Communication Studies For further information: ctenopir@utk.edu http://libvalue.cci.utk.edu ctenopir@utk.edu

28. Center for Information and Communication Studies Tenopir, C., King, D. W., Edwards, S., Wu, L. (2009a). Electronic journals and changes in scholarly article seeking and reading patterns. Aslib Proceedings, 61 (1), 5-32. Tenopir, C., King, D. W., Spencer, J., Wu, L. (2009b). Variations in article seeking and reading patterns of academics: What makes a difference?. Library & Information Science Research, 31(3), 139-148. Tenopir, C. (2010). University Investment in the Library, Phase II: An International Study of the Library’s Value to the Grants Process. Report prepared for Elsevier LibraryConnect. http://libraryconnect.elsevier.com/whitepapers/roi2/lc wp021001.html.