1. Chapter 6 SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Phases, Tools, and Techniques

2. STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES

3. SAVING LIVES THROUGH SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) tracks a wealth of information
Unfortunately, most of that information is stored in separate IT systems that do not communicate with each other

4. SAVING LIVES THROUGH SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
The CDC is using a service-oriented architecture (SoA) to integrate all those systems and information

5. INTRODUCTION
Information systems are the support structure for meeting the company’s strategies and goals
Why new systems are created:

6. INTRODUCTION When developing a new system, you have 3 “who” choices…
Insourcing
Selfsourcing
Outsourcing

7. CHAPTER ORGANIZATION Insourcing and the SDLC
Component-Based Development
Selfsourcing
Prototyping
Outsourcing

8. INSOURCING AND THE SDLC
Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
Also called a waterfall methodology

9. SDLC Phases & Major Activities

10. SDLC as a Waterfall Methodology

11. Phase 1: Planning Planning phase Three primary planning activities:
Define the system to be developed

12. Phase 1: Planning Set the project scope Project scope Scope creep
Feature creep
Project scope document

13. Phase 1: Planning
Develop the project plan including tasks, resources, and timeframes
Project plan
Project manager
Project milestones

14. Phase 1: Planning
Sample Project Plan

15. Phase 2: Analysis
Analysis phase

16. Phase 2: Analysis Two primary analysis activities:
Gather the business requirements
Business requirements
Joint application development (JAD)

17. Phase 2: Analysis Prioritize the requirements
Requirements definition document

18. Phase 2: Analysis
Take time during analysis to get the business requirements correct. If you find errors, fix them immediately. The cost to fix an error in the early stages of the SDLC is relatively small. In later stages, the cost is huge.

19. Phase 3: Design Design phase Two primary design activities:
Design the technical architecture
Technical architecture

20. Phase 3: Design
Design system models
Starting with design, you take on less of an active participation role and act more as a “quality control” function, ensuring that the IT people are designing a system to meet your needs

21. Phase 4: Development Development phase
Two primary development activities:

22. Phase 5: Testing Testing phase Two primary testing activities:
Write the test conditions

23. Phase 5: Testing Perform the testing of the system Unit testing
System testing
Integration testing
User acceptance testing (UAT)

24. Phase 6: Implementation
Implementation phase
Two primary implementation activities
Write detailed user documentation

25. Phase 6: Implementation
Provide training for the system users
Online training
Workshop training

26. Phase 6: Implementation
Choose the right implementation method
Parallel implementation
Plunge implementation
Pilot implementation
Phased implementation

27. Phase 7: Maintenance Maintenance phase
Two primary maintenance activities:
Build a help desk to support the system users
Provide an environment to support system changes

28. COMPONENT-BASED DEVELOPMENT
The SDLC focuses only on the project at hand
Component-based development (CBD)
CBD focuses on

29. Component-Based Development Methodologies
Rapid application development (RAD)
Extreme programming (XP)
Agile methodology

30. Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Rapid application development (RAD) (also called rapid prototyping) –
Prototypes are models of the software components
The development team continually designs, develops, and tests the component prototypes until they are finished

31. Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Use already-existing software components
Build new software components

32. Extreme Programming (XP)

33. Agile Methodology
Agile methodology

34. SoA – An Architecture Perspective
Service-oriented architecture (SoA)
All CBD methodologies adhere to an SoA
Services are the same as components, which are the same as small self-contained blocks of code
More in Chapter 7

35. SELFSOURCING
Selfsourcing (end-user development)

36. Selfsourcing Approach

37. Selfsourcing Approach

38. Selfsourcing Advantages

39. Selfsourcing Disadvantages

40. The Right Tool for the Job
End users must have development tools that:

41. PROTOTYPING Prototype Prototyping Proof-of-concept prototype
Selling prototype

42. The Prototyping Process
The prototyping process involves four steps:

43. The Prototyping Process

44. Advantages of Prototyping

45. Disadvantages of Prototyping

46. OUTSOURCING
Outsourcing

47. OUTSOURCING
The main reasons behind the rapid growth of the outsourcing industry include the following:

48. Outsourcing Options
IT outsourcing for software development can take one of four forms:

49. Outsourcing Options

50. Outsourcing Process

51. Outsourcing Process
When outsourcing, you’ll develop two vitally important documents – a request for proposal and a service level agreement

52. Outsourcing – RFP
Request for proposal (RFP)

53. Outsourcing – SLA
Service level agreement (SLA)

54. Outsourcing Options There are three different forms of outsourcing:
Onshore outsourcing
Nearshore outsourcing
Offshore outsourcing

55. Offshore Outsourcing Primary outsourcing countries are: India China
Eastern Europe (including Russia)
Ireland
Israel
Philippines

56. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing

57. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing