2. The Knowledge Argument

3. Mary in captivity Mary is raised from birth in the Black & White (and grey) room. Her skin pigments are altered, her hair dyed black (or white, or grey)

4. Mary in Captivity She has had no experiences of colors whatsoever…poor Mary!

5. Mary’s Education However, Mary has been given a first- rate scientific education through lectures transmitted via TV…Black & White of course!

6. Mary’s Education She has become the leading expert in the science of color and color vision, learning everything physical there is to learn about her subject.

7. Mary’s Escape! One glorious day, Mary escapes out into the world of color...

8. The Question... What will happen when Mary sees red for the first time? Will she learn something new?

9. The Answer? She does learn something new, namely what it is like to see red.

10. The problem for materialism Remember, Mary knew everything physical there was to know about color and color vision before her escape

11. The problem for materialism So, if she does learn something new, this new something is nonphysical, and therefore, materialism is false!

12. 1st Reply Refuse to admit that Mary learns something new!

13. 2nd Reply The ability reply: Mary gains know- how, not knowledge of facts

14. 3rd Reply The mode-of- presentation reply: Mary learns an old fact in a new way.

15. 4th Reply Deny that it is possible for Mary to learn all of the physical facts about color and color vision while locked in the Black & White room.