1. Environmental Science Chapter 4: The Organization of Life
Mr. Manskopf
Notes also available at

2. The Organization Of Life Big Ideas
In an ecosystem, the biotic and abiotic components interact to form an interconnected system.
Species adapt to their environment through a long process of evolution and natural selection.
Humans classify the diversity of life on Earth in order to better understand their relationships.

3. Section 1: Ecosystems: Everything is Connected
GOALS
Distinguish between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem
Describe how a population, community differ from a species
Explain the importance of habitats

4. What is an ecosystem?

5. Defining an ecosystem
Ecosystem: all the organisms living in an area together
Forest Ecosystem
Pond Ecosystem
Vacant Lot Ecosystem
Desert Ecosystem

6. All Ecosystems are connected
How does your ecosystem impact the Atlantic Ocean?

7. Parts of an ecosystem

8. Parts of an ecosystem
In order for an ecosystem to survive there must be certain basic parts
Energy
Mineral nutrients
Carbon dioxide
Water
Oxygen and more

10. What are some parts of this ecosystem?

11. Biotic vs. Abiotic Biotic: living parts of the ecosystem
Plants, animals, bacteria, etc.
Abiotic: nonliving parts of the ecosystem
Sunlight, soil, air, temperature

12. What are some biotic AND abiotic parts of this ecosystem?

13. Organizing Biotic Parts

15. Smallest Unit
Organism: an individual living thing like you, a tree, a fox, a rose
Species are groups of organisms like red foxes or black widow spiders, or grizzly bears

16. Population
Population: all the members of the same species that live in the same place at the same time
Field mice living in a corn field, grizzly bears of Yellowstone Park area

18. Community
Community: a group of various species that live in the same place and interact with each other.
Pond Community
Pineland Forest

20. Habitat
Habitat: a place where an organism lives Organisms are well suited for their habitat

22. Section 1 Review
Distinguish between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem
Describe how a population, community differ from a species
Explain the importance of habitats

23. Section 2: Evolution GOALS
Explain the process of evolution by natural selection.
What is adaptation?
What is artificial selection?
How is it possible that organisms become resistant?

24. Big ears of desert jack rabbit allow it to cool off quickly
White coat of polar bear helps in hunting
Big ears of desert jack rabbit allow it to cool off quickly
Long neck of giraffe allow it to reach food

25. Natural Selection
Natural Selection: survival and reproduction of organisms with particular traits
Survival of fittest
Certain traits are more likely to survive

26. The fastest bird with biggest wings will eat more and is more likely to survive and reproduce.
The insect that blends in and is able to survive may be more likely to reproduce.

27. Evolution
Evolution: change in the genetic characteristics of a population from one generation to the next
Slowly nature selects the genes that survive best in each ecosystem

28. Adaptation: an inherited trait that increases an organisms chance of survival and reproduction.

29. Desert plants have small or no leaves at all
Llamas have adapted to live at high altitude

30. Artificial Selection
Artificial Selection: selective breeding of organisms by humans
Selecting certain desirable traits
Size, sweetness, color, shape,
Very common

31. Selecting desirable traits and breeding only those with those traits.

32. Impacts of Evolution: Resistance

34. Resistance
Resistance: the ability of one or more organisms to tolerate a chemical designed to kill it
Able to survive and reproduce
Pesticide resistance
Antibiotic resistance

35. Why is this a problem?

36. Section 2 Review
Explain the process of evolution by natural selection.
What is adaptation?
What is artificial selection?
How is it possible that organisms become resistant?

37. Section 3
Use your book to list the six Kingdoms of Life and give several examples. Use pages