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BioMEMS, Bio-Nanotechnology, and Agricultural Research
Michael R. Ladisch, Rashid Bashir, Arun Bhunia Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, Departments of ABE, ECE, BME and Food Science Schools of Agriculture and Engineering Purdue University
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Multi-disciplinary Agriculture Engineering Medicine Science
Biotechnology Medicine Science
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Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Fabrication, study and modeling of devices and structures where at least one dimension is 200 nm or smaller. Nanotechnology: Enables devices that are compact, portable, energy efficient, integrate sensing, and carry out complex functions of a full-scale laboratory BioMEMS Bio electromechanical systems
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Nanotechnology: Size and Scale
Atoms Proteins Lysozyme Carbon Nano-tubes Most Bacteria Virus Transistor 0.18µm Plant and Animal Cells 100µm Human Hair 75 µm 10µm 1µm Feature Size 100nm Nanotechnology 10nm 1nm 0.1nm Cooper, 2001
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Evolution of Technologies
Nanotechnology “Wearable” Wireless Internet Appliances Molecular Electronics Nano-Robots Performance Time 1900 1950 2000 2050 Semiconductor Technology Transistor Radio Computers Cell Phones The Internet Vacuum Tube Technology Radio Radar Television Cooper, 2001
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Branches of Nanotechnology
Micro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Electronic Nanotechnology Microfluidics & Bio-Chips
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Smaller than a Postage stamp
10 mm Biochip: Smaller than a Postage stamp sealed channels and wells (volume of 1 to 10 nL/well) electrodes for detection connecting pads fluidic I/O ports Bashir et al.
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Role of Biotechnology Provides Bioreceptors Biomarkers (targets)
Knowledge of mechanisms Interfaces macro- and nano-worlds Templates for design of small devices
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DNA mRNA Protein Information Component for Machine
Polymer of Amino Acids Information Assembly Point Disbands
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Opportunities for Research
Design and Assemble Technology Platform Chips Receptors Bioseparations Signal Transduction Interface Hardware and Software Component Assembly and Packaging
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Technology Issues We must know: Target molecule and its receptor
Threshhold for detection (sensitivity) We must achieve: Rapid sampling and conditioning Specificity for target over biomolecules High signal to noise
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The Vision Detect Gene Expression Products Applications
Food, Agriculture Biosecurity Animal Health Medicine Research, Industry, Hospital, Home
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Applications in Agriculture For Example-What is the cost of undetected pathogens?
Food Products $13.1 billion in soda pop 7.5 billion in breakfast cereals 60.0 billion in fresh meats Branded meats, precooked products, micro-waveable red meats Livestock, poultry Sales figures from Kilman, Wall Street Journal, Feb 20, 2002
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BioMEMS - Devices and Systems
Combine micro and nano devices with biology at the molecular level Implanted Diagnostic and Therapeutic Devices Organs Implants Pacemaker Tissues Drug Delivery Drug Delivery Biochips Polymers Bottoms-Up Nano-bio Inorganic Organic/Biological
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Specific Objectives of National Research Program
1. Identify systems unique to agriculture (cell membranes, starches, cellulose, oils) 2. Study biology of self-assembly processes 3. Apply to design, fabrication of BioMEMS a. Tubes b. Channels c. Surfaces Case studies must be agriculturally related
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Potential Outcomes and Impacts
Bio-inspired design of inorganic devices Methods for mass-producing components for BioMEMS through agriculture a. A new fiber (cotton?) industry b. Self assembling oils c. Bio-based materials 3. Sampling methods and detection of pathogens
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Research Budget Estimate
Bio-inspired assembly processes $ 1 million / year Methods for assembling nano-components into micro-devices $1 million /year Applications testing in the field
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