1. How Religion Influences the Way Haitians Understand Health and Receive Treatment

2. Objectives of the Lecture: 1. Haitian worldview vs. American worldview 2. Three major religions in Haiti 3. In what ways do Christian beliefs affect how Haitians view and receive health? 4. Haitian understanding of health, illness, and treatment 5. Role of Haitian spiritual leaders 6. What is the idea of fatalism?

3. Remember the classification of Haiti as a “high-risk” group for AIDS?

4. “commentators linked AIDS in Haiti to ‘Voodoo practices.’ Something that went on around ritual fires triggered AIDS in cult adherents, a category presumed to include the quasi-totality of Haitians.”

5. The importance of the link between Haitian religion and health still very much alive today http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/01/13/ pat-robertson-haiti-curse_n_422099.html> http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/01/13/ pat-robertson-haiti-curse_n_422099.html

6. Two Lenses through which to view the world

7. Anthropocentric Worldview → humans are the center of the universe

8. Two Lenses through which to view the world Anthropocentric Worldview Cosmocentric Worldview → humans are the center of the universe →humans are part of a greater cosmic

9. Three Major Religions in Haiti Roman Catholicism: ≈85% of population

10. Three Major Religions in Haiti Roman Catholicism: ≈85% of population Protestantism: ≈15-20% of population

11. Three Major Religions in Haiti Roman Catholicism: ≈85% of population Protestantism: ≈15-20% of population Voodoo: ≈100% of the population

12. These church structures are very important in Haiti “Church structures are one of the primary forms of social infrastructure in Haiti”

13. These church structures are very important in Haiti “Church structures are one of the primary forms of social infrastructure in Haiti” Remember what Kathy Walmer said about this?

14. Let’s Zoom-in on the way Christianity influences Haitian view and reception of Health God’s will

15. Let’s Zoom-in on the way Christianity influences the view and reception of Health God’s will Miracles/ prayer

16. How does Voodoo influence Haitian view and reception of health? WHAT IS HEALTH? – State of connectedness to and harmony with the “environment” (on three levels):

17. How does Voodoo influence Haitian view and reception of health WHAT IS HEALTH? – State of connectedness to and harmony with the “environment” (on three levels):

18. How does Voodoo influence Haitian view and reception of health WHAT IS HEALTH? – State of connectedness to and harmony with the “environment” (on three levels):

19. How does Voodoo influence Haitian view and reception of health WHAT IS HEALTH? – State of connectedness to and harmony with the “environment” (on three levels):

20. WHAT IS ILLNESS/WHY DOES IT OCCUR?

21. – Loss of harmony between the person and his environment WHAT IS ILLNESS/WHY DOES IT OCCUR? – Loss of harmony between the person and his environment

22. WHAT IS ILLNESS/WHY DOES IT OCCUR? – Loss of harmony between the person and his environment – Imbalances of the body WHAT IS ILLNESS/WHY DOES IT OCCUR? – Loss of harmony between the person and his environment – Imbalances of the body

23. WHAT IS ILLNESS/WHY DOES IT OCCUR? – Loss of harmony between the person and his environment – Imbalances of the body – Sorcery WHAT IS ILLNESS/WHY DOES IT OCCUR? – Loss of harmony between the person and his environment – Imbalances of the body – Sorcery

24. WHAT IS ILLNESS/WHY DOES IT OCCUR? – Loss of harmony between the person and his environment – Imbalances of the body – Sorcery WHAT IS ILLNESS/WHY DOES IT OCCUR? – Loss of harmony between the person and his environment – Imbalances of the body – Sorcery “For many people around Cange, magic spells sent by enemies were the deep cause of many illnesses” -Mts. Beyond Mts.

25. THEY CLASSIFY ILLNESSES – Maladi Bondyè: “visible “diseases, healed with western medicine – Maladi fè-moun mal: “invisible” diseases, healed with rituals THEY CLASSIFY ILLNESSES – Maladi Bondyè: “visible “diseases, healed with western medicine – Maladi fè-moun mal: “invisible” diseases, healed with rituals

26. HOW DO HAITIANS ACTUALLY USE TREATMENT? – Spiritual leaders (≈80% of all consultations)

27. HOW DO HAITIANS ACTUALLY USE TREATMENT? – Spiritual leaders (≈80% of all consultations) – Hospitals/clinics (only ≈11% of all consultations) WHY?

28. HOW DO HAITIANS ACTUALLY USE TREATMENT? – Spiritual leaders (≈80% of all consultations) – Hospitals/clinics (only ≈11% of all consultations) WHY? – Recall some reasons why it was hard for ill villagers to make it to Zanmi Lasante

29. As you can see, spiritual leaders have a big role in health Herbalists Voodoo Priests as co- therapists and community leaders Herbalists Voodoo Priests as co- therapists and community leaders

30. Priests as co-therapists “[Farmer] has dozens of Voodoo priests among his patients, some of them serving as virtual community health workers, brining him ill parishioners.”

31. “Paying Respect to Traditional Medicine” PEPFAR is training traditional healers on HIV/AIDS counseling, testing, prevention

32. “Haiti calls on voodoo priests to help a battered nation heal” Voodoo priests help in the aftermath of Haitian earthquake

33. Idea of Fatalism Fatalism- the idea that “what will be will be”

34. What does Farmer have to say about this? "'Haitians believe in sorcery because their culture has evolved in the absence of effective medicine. So of course they believe in sorcery, In sicknesses that someone has sent them.” – Mts. Beyond Mts.

35. Sources Used A Literature Review, 2010-WHO Department of Mental Health and Substance abuse and Pan American Health Organization: Health, Disabilities, and Rehabilitation Unit. http://www.cpc.unc.edu/news/features/hope-for-haiti/Mooney_Religions_clip.mp3/view http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/01/13/pat-robertson-haiti-curse_n_422099.html http://www.boston.com/news/world/latinamerica/articles/2010/02/10/haiti_calls_upon_voodoo_priests_for_help/http://www.boston.com/news/world/latinamerica/articles/2010/02/10/haiti_calls_upon_voodoo_priests_for_help/> “Paying Respect to Traditional Medicine: Modern Health care groups collaborate with voodoo priests in Haiti to help identify people who are HIV-positive”. The Center for Public Integrity. http://projects.publicintegrity.org/aids/report.aspx?aid=811 Mountains Beyond Mountains. Tracy Kidder “Rush of Medical Aid to Haiti Follows History of Suffering.” Andrew Schneider. http://disciplenations.wordpress.com/2010/09/23/voodoo-an-african-perspective-on-haitis-poverty/> http://disciplenations.wordpress.com/2010/09/23/voodoo-an-african-perspective-on-haitis-poverty/ http://www.cookross.com/docs/haiti.pdf