1. Welcome to BIOL 252 Human Anatomy and Physiology http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRoSy1Hwouo

2. Welcome to BIOL 252 Human Anatomy and Physiology Dr. Gidi Shemer bishemer@email.unc.edu Office: Wilson Hall G41 Office hours: Mon and Wed 01:00-04:00 http://www.bio.unc.edu/Courses/2011Fall/Biol252Sections456/

3. Labs Wilson 111, 212 My office Wilson G41

4. Departmental Advising http://www.bio.unc.edu/Faculty/Shemer/ Available courses Choosing the right course Career decisions Research opportunities Graduate school in Biology Resources at UNC BIT Biology Tutorial center

5. Anatomy and Physiology ??

6. Anatomy : the study of structure Physiology : the study of function - The labs will mainly deal with Anatomy - Coordinated by Dr. Corey Johnson - Self-work with 3D models - Short quiz on the day of the lab - First lab: second week - Short assignment on Bb BEFORE the lab

7. In the lectures….

8. Lectures are important Grading 25% x 3 exams = 75% lab exercises and exams = 25% (Participation in class?) No notes provided Use the ppt handouts Answer review questions THINK!!!

9. Textbook Philip Tate

10. How to study for this class Big picture (concepts) Details Big picture (how all the details work together) - Use the book and your friends to review the material - Answer the review questions - Follow this pattern for each section (system/subsystem) - Make sure you do NOT memorize unnecessary details

11. Blackboard You are ALL on section 004 Announcements Syllabus, schedule Power points Assigned readings Links Grades

12. Registration -Sign-up sheet available up front - Those with relevant needs have priority 1. Major requirement – e.g. nursing 2. Otherwise: Seniors > Juniors > Sophomores - Being pre- (med, dental, vet, ophthalmology, etc.) does not constitute a priority

13. Poll Everywhere Answering my questions in the classroom via text messages/website Multiple choice and free text Follow the guidelines posted on the website and on Blackboard (use your Onyen email address) Participation is mandatory

14. Two key take home messages What are we going to study this semster?

15. Two key take home messages 1) Function follows form

16. Two key issue during the semester 1) Function follows form

17. 2) The most important term in physiology

18. How the varied components of living things adjust to maintain a constant internal environment that makes possible optimal functioning WB Cannon Homeostasis So we have a balanced state, but it is NOT static!! Homeostatic Imbalances = Diseases (e.g. diabetes)

19. Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ Organ system Organismal Levels of organization (Smooth muscle) (Blood vessel) (Cardiovascular system)

20. Our body systems The basic body systems Regulation Maintenance - Integumentary system - Skeletal system - Muscular system - Nervous system - Endocrine system - Cardiovascular system - Lymphatic system - Immune system - Respiratory system - Digestive system - Urinary system Continuity - Reproductive system

21. Directional terms

22. Planes of the body Frontal plane Sagittal plane mid/ para Transverse plane

24. An organ is composed of different tissues Epithelial cells Connective tissue Muscle tissue

25. Nervous system

26. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4uh2r1djWw The Nervous System

27. - General organization - The basic units- the cells - Neurophysiology - Neural interactions Brain, Spinal cord, Neuronal pathways, Special senses

28. The Central Nervous System (CNS) The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) The Human Nervous System

29. The Nervous System Monitors changes Processes and interprets Causes a response PNSCNS

30. Peripheral Nervous system Central Nervous system sensorymotor Autonomic Somatic Motor (Efferent) Sensory (Afferent)

31. “As the entomologist chasing butterflies of bright colors, my attention was seeking in the garden of gray matter, those cells of delicate and elegant forms, the mysterious butterflies of the soul, whose fluttering wings would someday—who knows?— enlighten the secret of mental life” Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934) Neurons “The Mysterious Butterflies of the Soul”

32. Neurons “The Mysterious Butterflies of the Soul” Santiago Ramón y Cajal Nobel prize in physiology and medicine 1906

33. The neuron

34. Most of our wiring is insulated Myelin sheath

35. Whitish, fatty (protein-lipoid), segmented sheath around most long (NOT ALL) axons It functions to: - Protect the axon - Electrically insulate fibers from one another - Increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission Myelin sheath

36. Formed by Schwann cells in the PNS A Schwann cell: - Envelopes an axon in a trough - Has concentric layers of membrane that make up the myelin sheath Myelin sheath

37. Axons are bundled together to form fascicles CNS: axon bundles form tracts PNS: axon bundles form nerves

38. Neurons are not alone

39. Neurons are not alone: The supporting neuroglia CNS

40. Astrocytes - Support and brace neurons - Anchor neurons to their nutrient supplies - Guide migration of young neurons - Control the chemical environment

41. Microglia The “Immune System” of the CNS - Small, ovoid cells with spiny processes - Turn into phagocytes upon inflammation (monitor the health of neurons, in the absence of macrophages, due to the BBB)

42. Ependymal cells - Ciliated epithelial cells lining the central cavities of the brain and spinal column - Forming a permeable barrier between the CSF and nervous tissue - Beating cilia helps circulating the CSF CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

43. Banizs et al. Development (2005) B A -Beating cilia helps circulating the CSF

44. Neurons are Not Alone: The supporting neuroglia CNS

45. Oligodendrocytes - Insulators of the thick neurons of the CNS - A single oligodendrocyte can form myelin sheaths around several axons

46. The supporting neuroglia in the CNS

47. The supporting neuroglia in the PNS - Schwann cells surround and insulate axons (the “oligodendrocytes” of the PNS) -Satellite cells Support an nourish cell bodies (“astrocytes” of the PNS)

48. Summary Peripheral Nervous system Central Nervous system sensorymotor Autonomic Smooth and cardiac muscles; Glands Somatic Skeletal muscles Motor (Efferent) Sensory (Afferent) Somatic (skin, skeletal muscle and joints) Visceral (internal organs)

49. Summary Not all neurons look like that