1. Introduction to ESDS International Celia Russell Economic and Social Data Service MIMAS April 14 th 2004 University of Manchester Introduction to ESDS International Celia Russell and Jack Kneeshaw Economic and Social Data Service University of Manchester 8 th November 2007

2. Structure of the Course Introducing Economic and Social Data Service Government, longitudinal and qualitative data ESDS International – World Bank and IMF data Hands on More about the international data service – OECD, UN, IEA and international survey datasets More hands on Wrap up and close

3. The Economic and Social Data Service (ESDS) national data archiving and dissemination service for social science data principle data service for UK academic social science community provides help and data support available at www.esds.ac.ukwww.esds.ac.uk core archiving services plus four specialist data services

4. Specialist data services ESDS International ESDS Government ESDS Longitudinal ESDS Qualidata provide: dedicated web sites data and documentation enhancements user support training

6. The large-scale government surveys Labour Force Surveys /Northern Ireland Labour Force Survey Annual Population Survey General Household Survey /Continuous Household Survey (Northern Ireland) Family Expenditure Survey /Northern Ireland Family Expenditure Survey National Food Survey/Expenditure and Food Survey (new combined National Food Survey and Family Expenditure Survey) Family Resources Survey ONS Omnibus Survey Survey of English Housing Health Survey for England/Welsh Health Survey/Scottish Health Survey (SHeS) British Crime Survey /Scottish Crime Survey British Social National Travel Survey Time Use Survey ONS Vital Statistics

7. Benefits of the Large-Scale Government Datasets Good quality data –produced by experienced research organisations –usually nationally representative with large samples –good response rates –very well documented Continuous data –allows comparison over time –data is largely cross-sectional Hierarchical data –individual and household –intra-household differences –household effects on individuals

9. Example: Mortality Rates from Vital Statistics

11. What are Longitudinal Data? repeated surveys of the same individuals at different points in time allow researchers to analyse change at the individual level there are various different types of longitudinal studies including panel and cohort studies users of longitudinal data will normally want to combine data collected at different times - data are more complex to use than other types of survey data ESDS Longitudinal provides additional value-added services to minimise these complexities

12. Longitudinal Data –1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) –British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) –English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) –Families and Children Study (FACS) –Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE) –Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) –National Child Development Study (NCDS)

14. Types of Qualitative Data diverse data types: in-depth interviews; semi- structured interviews; focus groups; oral histories; mixed methods data; open-ended survey questions; case notes/records of meetings; diaries/research diaries multimedia: audio, video, photos and text (most common is interview transcriptions) formats: digital, paper, analogue audio-visual data structures - differ across different ‘document types’

16. ESDS International provides free web-based access to key international macro level databanks helps users locate and acquire international micro level datasets promotes the use of international datasets in research and teaching across a range of disciplines is run by MIMAS at the University of Manchester and the UK Data Archive at the University of Essex

17. ESDS is split into two types of data: Aggregate or macro data is data that has been aggregated to a country or regional level. This type of data is typically produced by inter-governmental organisations like the UN or World Bank. All the aggregate databanks contain time series data. Survey or micro data is data about individuals. This type of data is typically produced by an organisation in the academic sector and looks at values and attitudes.

18. Macro International Data Providers International Monetary Fund (IMF) Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) United Nations (UN) World Bank Eurostat International Labour Organisation (ILO) UK Office for National Statistics International Energy Agency

19. International Data Themes Databanks cover: economic performance and development trade, industry and markets employment demography, migration and health governance human development social expenditure education science and technology land use and the environment energy

20. Aggregate data portfolio … International Monetary Fund Direction of Trade Statistics Balance of Payments Statistics Government Finance Statistics International Financial Statistics World Bank World Development Indicators World Bank Global Development Finance International Labour Organisation Key Indicators of the Labour Market United Nations Common Database United Nations Industrial Development Organization Industrial Statistics Databases Demand Supply Databases ESDS International provides free online access to the full versions of the latest releases of these databases to the UK academic community.

21. Aggregate data portfolio (cont) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Main Economic Indicators International Development International Direct Investment Statistics International Migration Statistics Main Economic Indicators Main Science and Technology Indicators Measuring Globalisation Quarterly Labour Force Statistics Services Statistics International Trade by Commodities Social Expenditure Database Education Statistics Eurostat New Cronos International Energy Agency Coal Information CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Electricity information Energy Prices and Taxes Energy Technology Research and Development Database Natural Gas Information Oil Information Renewables Information World Energy Statistics and Balances ESDS International provides free online access to the full versions of these databases to the UK academic community.

22. Accessing the Data freely available to UK FE and HE access via Athens authentication and ESDS online registration special conditions may also apply delivered over the web via Beyond 20/20 Web Data Server (WDS) download formats include *.xls, *.csv and *.ivt

23. Associated dataset documentation The following supporting documentation is provided for each dataset: Dataset overview Comprehensive dataset guide Software Guide to accessing dataset using Beyond 20/20 WDS Metadata (MIMAS, UKDA and IESR)

25. Plus a dedicated help desk

27. Beyond 20/20 chart

28. IMF databanks International Financial Statistics Government Finance Statistics Balance of Payments Statistics Direction of Trade The four major databanks produced by the IMF contain data on national accounts, trade, the balance of payments and government spending for around 190 countries. Collectively, they provide a global picture of economic development and international trade over the last 50 years.

29. IMF International Financial Statistics standard source for all aspects of international and domestic finance published and updated monthly since 1948 includes over 200 countries reports time series data on exchange rates, balance of payments, international liquidity, money and banking, interest rates, prices, production, international transactions, government accounts, national accounts Has 3 sections: world tables, country tables and commodity prices

30. IMF Direction of Trade Contains data on the value of merchandise exports and imports between each country and all its trading partners 186 countries and 12 regional groups from the 1980’s onwards Monthly, quarterly and annual data are presented most countries’ data extend from the 1980’s to the present the IMF release pre-1980 Direction of Trade data as a separate database, (also available through ESDS International) The database is updated monthly

31. IMF Balance of Payments Statistics 175 countries worldwide covers balance of payment components and international investment positions of countries worldwide Where available, most countries’ data extend from 1970’s to the present Quarterly and annual data, updated montly

32. IMF Government Finance Statistics Covers data government income (such as tax and bonds) and expenditure by sector (defence, education, health, etc) for all levels of government (national, state, local) 149 countries worldwide Annual time series data, running 1990 onwards. historical (pre 1990) data is released as a separate database

34. World Bank Databases Collects data on all aspects of human development worldwide Annual data, designed for international comparability World Development Indicators Global Development Finance

35. World Development Indicators The World Development Indicators provides a broad picture of poverty trends and social welfare, the use of environmental resources, the performance of the public sector, and the integration of the global economy. Global database covers 190 countries Annual data starting 1960 Widely cited Our most popular database

36. Example from the World Development Indicators

37. Global Development Finance financial flows to developing countries. exclusively covers developing countries also contains the Bank's projections for debt repayments etc for next ten years Annual data starting 1970’s

38. Example from Global Development Finance

39. OK, let’s try some hands-on! www.esds.ac.uk/international For today, use Username: mide-esds Password: esds2007

40. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. OECD Education Statistics OECD Globalisation OECD International Development OECD International Direct Investment Statistics OECD International Migration Statistics OECD International Trade by Commodities Statistics OECD Main Economic Indicators OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators OECD National Accounts OECD Quarterly Labour Force Statistics OECD Services Statistics OECD Social Expenditure Database OECD STructural ANalysis

41. OECD International Development Statistics Net US Development Assistance to the Middle East OECD, International Development Statistics, October 2006, ESDS International, (MIMAS) University of Manchester

42. National Statistics and Eurostat National Statistics Time series data is a comprehensive database of more than 40,000 economic and socio- economic time series for the UK Eurostat New Cronos is the main database produced by the EU’s statistical office, containing detailed harmonised data on a range of social and economic themes at a national and regional level for EU member countries

44. UN and its agencies The UN Common database has been used for many years by the UN internally as a basis for the formulation of policy. Covers a huge range of human development topics including health, culture, family life, education and the environment The International Labour Organisation’s Key Indicators of the Labour Market The UNIDO Industrial Statistics and Demand Supply databanks cover employment and trade world-wide, broken down by country and manufacturing sector.

45. Example from the UNCB

46. Example from the ILO

48. International Energy Agency Databases cover around 130 countries The majority of the IEA datasets contain annual time series data from 1960 onwards Cover energy production, consumption, stocks, prices

49. IEA databanks I CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Energy Prices and Taxes Energy Technology Research and Development Database World Energy Statistics and Balances –Energy Statistics of OECD Countries –Energy Balances of OECD Countries –Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries –Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

50. IEA databanks II Electricity information Coal Information Natural Gas Information Oil Information Renewables Information

51. Example from IEA: CO 2 emissions from electricity generation in Latin America

53. Visualisation: global data

54. Cross tabulations Use the GIS interface to check for outliers and regional patterns before downloading data

55. International survey data ESDS International holds, or guides users towards accessing, several key international survey datasets, including: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions datasets Eurobarometer Survey Series European Social Survey International Social Survey Programme European and World Values Surveys European Election Study Latinobarómetro Each study is supported by its own user guide at: http://www.esds.ac.uk/international/access/micro.asp http://www.esds.ac.uk/international/access/micro.asp

56. Eurofound Eurofound is an EU body, whose role is to provide information, advice and expertise on living and working conditions in Europe > European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) Examines a range of issues, such as employment, income, education, housing, family, health, work-life balance, life satisfaction and perceived quality of society. > European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) Provides an overview on the state of working conditions throughout Europe, as well as indicating the nature and content of changes affecting the workforce and the quality of work. > Establishment Survey on Working Time and Work- Life Balance (ESWT) Aims to map working time policies and practices and to survey the views of the different actors on these policies and practices.

57. Eurobarometer Programme of cross-national and cross- temporal comparative social research, designed to monitor social and political attitudes Carried out bi-annually since the early 1970s Coverage across all EU member states Some EBs are made available to analyse and download online (registration required) via ZACAT: zacat.gesis.org/webview/index.jspzacat.gesis.org/webview/index.jsp

58. European Social Survey Biennial multi-country survey covering over 30 nations which aims to measure and explain trends in attitudes, beliefs and values across European nations Access via ESS Data Archive web site (registration required) is free of charge and provided by the Norwegian Social Science Data Services Users can currently access data and documentation from rounds 1, 2 and 3 ESS Data Archive: ess.nsd.uib.noess.nsd.uib.no

59. International Social Survey Programme Continuing (since 1983) annual programme of cross-national collaboration on surveys covering topics important for social science research Each survey has a special focus, e.g. the environment; the role of government; social inequality; social support; family and gender issues; work orientation; the impact of religious background, behaviour and beliefs on social and political preferences; national identity ISSP data are made available to analyse and download online (registration required) via ZACAT: zacat.gesis.org/webview/index.jspzacat.gesis.org/webview/index.jsp

60. European/World Values Surveys Designed to enable a cross-national, cross-cultural comparison of values and norms on a wide variety of topics and to monitor changes in values and attitudes across the globe. The surveys provide data from representative national samples of the publics of more than 80 countries and cover a full range of social, economic, cultural and religious variation. To date four waves have been conducted in 1981-1984, 1990-1993, 1995-1997, and 1999-2004; responses have been integrated into one dataset, to facilitate time series analysis Access (registration required): >Bancos de Datos ASEP/JDS web site: www.jdsurvey.net/www.jdsurvey.net/ >European Values Study web site: www.europeanvalues.nl/index2.htm www.europeanvalues.nl/index2.htm >World Values Survey web site: www.worldvaluessurvey.org/ www.worldvaluessurvey.org/

61. European Election Study Focus on electoral participation and voting behaviour in European Parliament elections Six studies so far: 1979, 1984, 1989, 1994, 1999 and 2004 Open access to recent studies via http://www.europeanelectionstudies.net/ http://www.europeanelectionstudies.net/

62. Latinobarómetro Annual (since 1995) public opinion survey, conducted in 18 countries in Latin America, representing more than 400 million people Annual data collection involves around 19,000 interviews with the same survey instrument employed in all countries, allowing methodological and cross-national comparisons to be made Access for ESDS-registered users via ESDS International web site: www.esds.ac.uk/international/access/accesslati nobarometer.asp www.esds.ac.uk/international/access/accesslati nobarometer.asp

63. Eb eg

64. Ess eg

65. Selected countries/samples: Argentina 1998, Argentina 2000, Argentina 2001, Argentina 2002, Argentina 2003, Argentina 2004, Argentina 2005

68. Data exchange … and the future Through memberships and international data exchange agreements, ESDS International is also able to acquire and disseminate survey data held at sister archives throughout the world A key part of this is the UK Data Archive’s membership of CESSDA and the continued development of the CESSDA data portal

69. Some tips on using the databanks Tip 1: choose your data from the same databank or family of databanks comparability issues between data from different databanks, even for series with well-established standards theoretically identical series can have different values in different databanks IMF GDPWB GDP 19905803.075757.2 19915995.925946.9 19926337.756286.8 19936657.46604.3 19947072.237017.5 19957397.657342.3 19967816.827762.3 19978304.338250.9 19988746.988694.6 19999268.439216.2 20009816.979764.8 200110127.910075.9 200210469.610434.8

70. Tip 2: some of the databanks have better cross country comparability than others. OECD databanks are specifically designed for country comparisons IMF International Financial Statistics is not. Tip 3: Use the dataset user guides to locate the data you need and get further information about the dataset Tip 4: Examine more info and footnotes

71. Usage Statistics

73. Courses and Training

74. London, December 3 rd 2007 Speakers from the IMF, International Energy Agency, OECD and International Labour Organisation, Department for International Development. Free to attend but booking is essential! www.esds.ac.uk/international/news/conf2007.asp ESDS International Annual Conference 2007 “Data Without Borders”

75. ESDS International provides: Up to date data – the databanks are updated with the latest releases Data free at point of use (licence costs paid centrally) Single web interface to all the aggregate databanks – users only have to learn it once Helps users locate and acquire international micro level datasets Single portal for wide range of international databanks, links to other resources eg freely available data Consistent and comprehensive documentation Training, user support, helpful helpdesk on international@esds.ac.uk See www.esds.ac.uk/international