1. Laboratoire d’aérologie (CNRS, TOULOUSE) EDI group (Emissions-Depostion-Impacts, C. Liousse) Measurements campaigns : IDAF/AMMA/SACCLAP and experiments in the LA combustion chamber (Mass, Chemical speciation of the aerosol,aerosol size/chemistry,physical properties, in air and in rains) Activity in multiscale atmospheric chemistry modelling Collaborations: Link with LAMP/LOA, ICTP (UNESCO) and TM4-TM5 group. Strong collaborations with African Researchers : Ivory Coast, Senegal, Benin, Cameroon, South Africa, Niger, Mali, Congo : 6 shared phD at this time Involvement in AMMA :

2. Modelling of African aerosol in the context of AMMA Main scientific objectives : Improving the characterization of aerosol mixture in the 3D models …. Sources and transport : cf Liousse presentation. Physical and chemical state of the mixing Optical and hygroscopic properties Impact on regional budgets (transport / deposition) Impact on regional radiative forcing … for a better characterization of aerosol/chemistry/climate interactions over the region.

3. local regional continental global SOPLOPEOP GAME (rad. Trans.) ORISAM OD MesoNH-C Met., 3- 40 km + ORISAM TM4 ( CTM, ~ 3°x 2° ) + ORISAM RegCM3 ( Reg climate, 20 – 90 km.) ( + ORISAM in dev.) Model used and developped space time

4. sulphate Water SOAB nitrate pH in each bin: Absorption/ adsorption + internal equilibrium Inorganic Condensable H 2 SO 4 NH 3 HNO 3 Organic Condensable SOAA SOAB ORISAM Bessagnet et al, 2004 Cousin et al, 2005 Liousse et al, 2005 Mallet et al, 2005 COV SO 2 NOx Gaseous chemistry Dry and wet deposition COUPLING (Guillaume et al., 2007a) TM4 (initial state) (Van Velthoven et al., 1996): -3°x2° horizontal, -31 vertical levels (jsq. 10hPa), - 38 gaseous components -(+3 aerosol : sulfates, nitrates, ammonium without size distribution) -Emission : EDGAR3, POET (COV), -ECMWF, -Dry and wet deposition -Gaseous chemistry ( Houweling et al., 1998 ) BC (sea-salt, dust) OCp Emissions Aerosol sectional model 40nm 10µm ORISAM = ORganic and Inorganic Sectional Aerosol Model SOAA ammonium Development of ORISAM (Organic and Inorganic Spectral Aerosol model) (Bessagnet et al. 2004, Cousin et al. 2005, Liousse et al., 2005)

5. 1 4 2 3 0.04-0.13µm0.13-0.4µm0.4-1.26µm1.26-4µm4-12.6µm12.6-40µm finecoarse JJA Size/Chemistry from regional mass loads (Gg), (ground totals) Sahara CA WASA ORISAM/TM4 : Species Budgets over Africa 1 2 3 4

6. ORISAM/TM4 : size-resolved aerosol chemistry over Djougou in December Guillaume et al., 2007 =>experimental results soon available for model validations… Example of comparisons : BC given by ORISAM/TM4 with 2000 emissions with BC measured at Djougou/Benin

7. ORISAM TM4 : Wet deposition Observed : IDAF network ORISAM/TM4 : preliminary results Yoboué, Galy et al., 2006 Eg: Species concentrations in rains at Lamto (JJA)

8. Size distribution in Ghent(Putaud) RAD model Internal mixtures with 3 layers + Mie [Mallet, Pont et al., 2005] Qe(x ) BC Dust OCp SOA Sulfates, Nitrates, Ammonium H2O ORISAM / RAD Optical properties calculations Size resolved speciation Qext SSA Assymetry parameter

9. Comparaisons of model results vs. Measured optical properties during AMMA absorbing particles (SSA  0.85) scattering particles (SSA  0.95)   BAe-146  SSA 520  0.90 (S. Osborne, Met Office) 0.75  SSA 520  0.99 mean SSA 520 = 0.90 ORISAM / Rad/ TM4 Nephelometer + Aethalometer + ORISAM / Rad / MesoNH + RegCM3 Aerosol single scattering albedo on Djougou (SOP0)

10. Regional climate impact of aerosols Konaré, Solmon et al., in prep RegCM3 : ( ICTP / UNESCO) Regional Climate Model ( res 20 to 90km) Aerosol module : (SO4, BC,OC + dust module, Solmon et al;, 2006 ; Zakey et al., 2006) + Optical properties JJA Precip Difference (dust – no dust) Average : 1969 – 2006 Dust climatic effect on monsoon Res 60 km

11. Biomass burning aerosols in RegCM Simple representation for the moment Used for budget and sensitivity studies to emissions, e.g sensitivity to emission inventory On going developments Anthropogenic radiative forcing and climatic impacts RegCM3 / ORISAM coupling …

12. ON GOING WORK and perspectives (high temporal resolution emissions)  SOP0 : ORISAM-RAD-MesoNH simulations (19-20-21 Jan. 06) RegCM3 episode. =>EOP 2005-2007 with ORISAM-RAD TM4 (3*2*month) and RegCM3 seasonal budgets and radiative forcings. =>LOP -> RegCM3 and ORISAM-RAD-TM4 (2000-2010) Period interannual variability and regional climatic impact. Interest in Intercomparaison studies !