1. Organizational Behaviour Social Behaviour
Groups and Teamwork

2. Defining groups
A collection of two or more interacting individuals who share a common goal
Task force (project groups) = temporary group put together to achieve a specific goal or solve a specific goal
Committee = permanent groups to handle recurring issues that cannot not be handled by the normal hierarchical system.

3. Dynamics of group performance??

4. The effects of group size
Performance – depends on the type of task
Additive – potential created by adding performance together
Disjunctive – potential determined by the best member
Conjunctive – potential determined by weakest member
- related to social loafing (free rider or sucker effect)
Satisfaction - the larger the group the less the satisfaction level

5. Team size and productivity
Total Productivity
Mean productivity
per member

6. Group formation – group development
Tuckman’s stage development model
Forming – finding out about group members and the task
Storming – conflict about leadership and the task
Norming – developing norms and cohesion
Performing – getting the job done
Adjourning – leaving the group

7. Group formation – group development
Punctuated equilibrium model
Phase 1 – the group develops then maintains an interaction pattern and approach to the task
Midpoint transition – a dramatic change in interaction patterns or task approach
Phase 2 – the interaction pattern or approach to the task continues from the transition

8. Group norms
Generally agreed upon informal rules that guide group member behaviour
Can be prescriptive or proscriptive
Examples - Dress norms or performance norms

9. Group cohesion/cohesiveness
The strength of members’ desires to remain part of their group
Influenced by:
Time spent together
External threat and competition
Success
Member diversity
Size
Initiation rights

10. The relationship between norms, cohesion and team performance
Moderately high task performance
High task performance
Moderately low task performance
Low task performance
Team norms
compatible with
organizational
objectives
Team norms in
conflict with
organizational
objectives
Low Cohesion
High Cohesion

11. The relationship between norms, cohesion and team performance
Increase interactions
Encourage face-to-face interactions, set groups goals, use teamwork
Increase cohesion
Assign tasks based on team preferences, create shared successes, create external competition
Reduce interactions
Divide work, reduce face-to-face contact, individualize feedback
Align norms with organization
Reward good performance, clarify the goals, be a role model
Reduce cohesion
Use individual rewards, create internal competition
Team norms
compatible with
organizational
objectives
Team norms in
conflict with
organizational
objectives
Low Cohesion
High Cohesion