1. ENVISCI QUIZ PREP Feb 19 Quiz

2. What has happened to the amount of solid waste each person creates since the 1960s?

3. It has doubled for each person, and there are twice as many people

4. What is a main contributor to the increase in waste since the 60’s

5. Plastic packaging

6. Why is there more plastic packaging?

7. Manufacturer convenience Store convenience Theft control Tampering control

8. What type of areas do might have problems locating landfills?

9. Highly populated areas Small towns that have little land Areas with wealthy populations

10. What is the problem with synthetic materials?

11. They are so new that organisms have not evolved to decompose them.

12. What is the most important function of landfills?

13. To safely store our waste without contaminating our environment

14. Why are we not building a lot more landfills?

15. Citizen environmental concerns Lack of close cheap land Previous bad experiences Not in MY back yard!

16. Incinerator waste takes up less space in a landfill, but what is a problem with burying the ash?

17. The ash is often is more toxic than the unburned waste

18. What is a monitoring well?

19. A well in or near a landfill used to be sure the landfill isn’t leaking into the ground water.

20. Why do landfills have to be monitored?

21. To be sure that the waste stays safely contained on site.

22. Why do landfills have to be guarded 24/7/365?

23. To avoid illegal dumping of wastes the landfill is not designed to hold.

24. Why do we pile landfills so high?

25. So that once sealed, rain water will run off rather than soak into the landfill

26. Define Biodegradable

27. Something that will naturally break down into it’s basic non hazardous components

28. What is municipal solid waste?

29. Waste produced by homes and businesses

30. How can we cut down landfill use?

31. How can wood be disposed of?

32. Burned for energy Converted to mulch Sold for firewood Sold as used lumber

33. How can paper be disposed of?

34. Recycled to make new paper Hammer milled into insulation for attics

35. How can metal be disposed of?

36. Sorted and recycled

37. How can yard waste be disposed of?

38. Composted to make soil enhancers

39. How can food be disposed of?

40. Composted to make soil enhancers

41. How can glass be disposed of?

42. Sorted and melted to make new glass Crushed and used as in roads Melted with some hazardous wastes to make safer waste

43. How can plastic be disposed of?

44. Sorted, melted and reused Mixed & melted with wood to make Deck boards

45. What is Leachate?

46. The water or other liquid that has drained through the landfill and carries waste with it

47. How do we keep toxins from leaking out of landfills into the groundwater?

48. Line the pit with butyl liners and clay Install drain systems to remove leachate Mound the pit high to shed rainwater Seal the top with butyl and clay Plant the top to avoid erosion

49. What are 2 ways toxins in our groundwater can harm us?

50. Poison Teratogens that deform fetuses Carcinogens

51. What is a “superfund site?”

52. A hazardous waste site becomes a Superfund site when it is placed on the Environmental Protection Agency's National Priority List because of its health impact

53. What is the best fossil fuel for us to use?

54. Natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel and produces the least CO2

55. Is energy conservation usually worth its cost?

56. Conservation usually saves much more money than it costs for energy saving equipment.

57. What type of energy conservation is not to a point where it saves us money?

58. Hybrid Cars may not yet be worth their cost from a purely monetary view because of their high cost, battery replacement cost, and low fuel savings.

59. What is a renewable fuel?

60. One that replaces itself quickly, such as firewood and water power

61. What is a non-renewabble fuel?

62. One that cannot be renewed or that takes millions of years to renew

63. What is an inexhaustible fuel?

64. A fuel that will replace itself as quickly as we can possibly use it

65. Crude Oil Is it renewable or non-renewable?

66. Non-renewable

67. Conventional nuclear fission Is it renewable or non-renewable?

68. Non renewable unless we make plutonium in breeder reactors

69. Geothermal Energy Is it renewable or non-renewable?

70. Renewable

71. Solar Energy Is it renewable or non- renewable?

72. Inexhaustible, so it is renewable, at least for a few billion years

73. Wind Energy Is it renewable or non-renewable?

74. Renewable

75. Conventional Natural Gas Is it renewable or non-renewable?

76. Non-renewable

77. Wind Energy Is it renewable or non-renewable?

78. Renewable

79. Coal Is it renewable or non-renewable?

80. Non Renewable

81. Biomass Is it renewable or non-renewable?

82. Renewable

83. Hydropower Is it renewable or non-renewable?

84. Renewable

85. What is the definition of a fossil fuel?

86. A fuel that was once living millions of years ago

87. What are the 3 fossil fuels?

88. Coal Oil Natural gas

89. How is coal extracted from the ground?

90. Either strip mining or underground mining

91. What is the environmental effect of mining coal?

92. It leaves mines or pits that fill up with acidic waste water that may have to be treated forever It leaves huge piles of loose waste rock

93. Who uses the most coal?

94. Power plants

95. What are the environmental problems with burning coal?

96. Coal gives off more carbon dioxide than any other fossil fuel Coal contains sulfur that when burned produces acid rain Some coal contains mercury and heavy metals.

97. How much coal supply do we have?

98. Hundreds of years

99. How are oil and gas extracted?

100. Deep wells are drilled

101. What is the environmental problem with drilling for oil and gas?

102. Oil Spills Uses a LOT of water Weak wells require HOT water Can cause land to subside

103. What is good about oil and natural gas?

104. They are convenient to store and ship Oil is readily converted into gasoline Gasoline is portable for cars

105. What is the down side to using oil and N gas?

106. Carbon dioxide Acid Rain Smog We need it for other purposes. We have to import a lot of it

107. How much oil and N gas is available?

108. Only a few decades of proven reserves exist

109. Hydrogen Fuel Is it renewable or non- renewable?

110. Renewable from sea water

111. What is good about hydrogen?

112. It is portable, and it’s only emission is water

113. What is bad about Hydrogen?

114. It takes more energy in the form of electricity to make it than it gives off when you use it as a fuel

115. What is good about biomass?

116. The net amount of carbon dioxide produced is zero. Co2 is used by the plant, and when it is burned, the next crop uses it all up It can be made into portable car fuel

117. What is bad about biomass fuel?

118. It uses land that we need for food crops

119. What is good about hydropower?

120. It produces a lot of electricity without polluting the air or water

121. What is bad about hydropower?

122. Dams harm fish reproduction Dam lakes fill up with silt Power has to be used near the dam

123. What is good about wind energy?

124. Totally non polluting

125. What is bad about wind power?

126. You never know when the wind will blow The best winds are often not where there are people to use the power

127. How can we capture solar energy?

128. Photo cells Reflectors and boilers Passive heating

129. What is the problem with photocells?

130. They’re still pretty expensive They don’t work when the sun isn’t shining

131. What is the problem with reflector boilers?

132. They take a LOT of room They don’t work when the sun isn’t shining

133. What is the problem with passive solar?

134. It is fairly limited to heating They don’t work when the sun isn’t shining

135. What is good about Geothermal energy?

136. Low temp set with a heat pump are very efficient to run Save a LOT on heating and cooling Inexpensive to install

137. What is bad about geothermal?

138. Low temperature sets are only good for heating. Hot sets can only be used in a few areas because the hot rock is too deep

139. What is good about Nuclear Fission

140. What is bad about Nuclear Fission

141. Waste must be stored for thousands of years Mining for fuel pollutes Boom!

142. No air or water pollution Relatively inexpensive to run once the plant is online Can build them close to cities

143. What is a renewable fuel?

144. One that replaces itself quickly, such as firewood and water power

145. What is a non-renewabble fuel?

146. One that cannot be renewed or that takes millions of years to renew

147. What is an inexhaustible fuel?

148. A fuel that will replace itself as quickly as we can possibly use it

149. Crude Oil Is it renewable or non-renewable?

150. Non-renewable

151. Conventional nuclear fission Is it renewable or non-renewable?

152. Non renewable unless we make plutonium in breeder reactors

153. Geothermal Energy Is it renewable or non-renewable?

154. Renewable

155. Solar Energy Is it renewable or non- renewable?

156. Inexhaustible, so it is renewable, at least for a few billion years

157. Wind Energy Is it renewable or non-renewable?

158. Renewable

159. Conventional Natural Gas Is it renewable or non-renewable?

160. Non-renewable

161. Wind Energy Is it renewable or non-renewable?

162. Renewable

163. Coal Is it renewable or non-renewable?

164. Non Renewable

165. Biomass Is it renewable or non-renewable?

166. Renewable

167. Hydropower Is it renewable or non-renewable?

168. Renewable

169. What is the definition of a fossil fuel?

170. A fuel that was once living millions of years ago

171. What are the 3 fossil fuels?

172. Coal Oil Natural gas

173. How is coal extracted from the ground?

174. Either strip mining or underground mining

175. What is the environmental effect of mining coal?

176. It leaves mines or pits that fill up with acidic waste water that may have to be treated forever It leaves huge piles of loose waste rock

177. Who uses the most coal?

178. Power plants

179. What are the environmental problems with burning coal?

180. Coal gives off more carbon dioxide than any other fossil fuel Coal contains sulfur that when burned produces acid rain Some coal contains mercury and heavy metals.

181. How much coal supply do we have?

182. Hundreds of years

183. How are oil and gas extracted?

184. Deep wells are drilled

185. What is the environmental problem with drilling for oil and gas?

186. Oil Spills Uses a LOT of water Weak wells require HOT water Can cause land to subside

187. What is good about oil and natural gas?

188. They are convenient to store and ship Oil is readily converted into gasoline Gasoline is portable for cars

189. What is the down side to using oil and N gas?

190. Carbon dioxide Acid Rain Smog We need it for other purposes. We have to import a lot of it

191. How much oil and N gas is available?

192. Only a few decades of proven reserves exist

193. Hydrogen Fuel Is it renewable or non- renewable?

194. Renewable from sea water

195. What is good about hydrogen?

196. It is portable, and it’s only emission is water

197. What is bad about Hydrogen?

198. It takes more energy in the form of electricity to make it than it gives off when you use it as a fuel

199. What is good about biomass?

200. The net amount of carbon dioxide produced is zero. Co2 is used by the plant, and when it is burned, the next crop uses it all up It can be made into portable car fuel

201. What is bad about biomass fuel?

202. It uses land that we need for food crops

203. What is good about hydropower?

204. It produces a lot of electricity without polluting the air or water

205. What is bad about hydropower?

206. Dams harm fish reproduction Dam lakes fill up with silt Power has to be used near the dam

207. What is good about wind energy?

208. Totally non polluting

209. What is bad about wind power?

210. You never know when the wind will blow The best winds are often not where there are people to use the power

211. How can we capture solar energy?

212. Photo cells Reflectors and boilers Passive heating

213. What is the problem with photocells?

214. They’re still pretty expensive They don’t work when the sun isn’t shining

215. What is the problem with reflector boilers?

216. They take a LOT of room They don’t work when the sun isn’t shining

217. What is the problem with passive solar?

218. It is fairly limited to heating They don’t work when the sun isn’t shining

219. What is good about Geothermal energy?

220. Low temp set with a heat pump are very efficient to run Save a LOT on heating and cooling Inexpensive to install

221. What is bad about geothermal?

222. Low temperature sets are only good for heating. Hot sets can only be used in a few areas because the hot rock is too deep

223. What is good about Nuclear Fission

224. What is bad about Nuclear Fission

225. Waste must be stored for thousands of years Mining for fuel pollutes Boom!

226. No air or water pollution Relatively inexpensive to run once the plant is online Can build them close to cities