1. GROUP PROCESS MODEL Potential Performance + Process Gains- Process Losses = Actual Group Performance

2. PROCESS GAINS New ways to motivate workers New technologies Information systems that improve coordination & communication Addition of information, ideas, direction, opinion Improved leadership

3. PROCESS LOSSES Coordination problems Communication problems Motivation problems Lack of information, ideas, direction, opinion Problematic leadership

4. SOCIAL FACILITATION Presence of others Arousal Performance level Impaired if task is not familiar or is very difficult Improved if task is familiar or is very easy

5. SOCIAL LOAFING Tendency of individual to exert less effort when working in groups Six people doing a task is not 6 times faster than one person

6. CONFORMITY Conformity — Yielding to the group by changing behavior or attitude to match the group's. Conformity includes yielding because of private acceptance or because of compliance Compliance — Conformity to a group norm to obtain group rewards and avoid costs

7. POWER OF NORMS Informational power -- provide information as to what is appropriate and correct in an ambiguous or a new situation. Reward and punitive power -- adherence to group norms provides social approval and diminishes effort. Violation of norm brings social disapproval

8. ASCH CONFORMITY TASK STANDARD LINECOMPARISON LINES A B C

9. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CONFORMITY Group size Unanimity of opinion Group status, attractiveness Support for non-conformity Competence

10. HIGH PERFORMANCE TEAMS The members: Build teams with regard to skills and experience needed and Do not place someone on a team who is resistant The situation: Clarify goals and then Train and train again Rewards: Use appropriate performance measures and Link individual rewards to team performance Group influence: Encourage communication, cooperation, and participation

11. BACKWARDS & FORWARDS Summing up: Examined how the group influences individual performance via social facilitation and social loafing. The conformity process was explained in terms of informational and reward influence. Factors that contribute to conformity were detailed. Looking ahead. Next time, we explore the role of communication in the organization and particularly look at how it is changing with technological advances in telecommunications