1. Lead Contamination in Water Supply For Caudill Laboratories and Chapman Hall Meeting with Occupants and Students April 23, 2007

2. Agenda Introduction Introduction Summary of Complaints and Response Summary of Complaints and Response Sampling Results for Lead in Water Supply Sampling Results for Lead in Water Supply Health Effects from Lead Exposure Health Effects from Lead Exposure Questions and Answers Questions and Answers

3. History of Complaints and Response Occupancy Occupancy Chapman - October 2006 Chapman - October 2006 Caudill - December 2006 Caudill - December 2006 Complaints that “water tastes bad” from Caudill - February 2007 Complaints that “water tastes bad” from Caudill - February 2007 Repeated flush of potable water system in Caudill – February 2007 Repeated flush of potable water system in Caudill – February 2007 Flushing removes any residuals from construction activities Flushing removes any residuals from construction activities Buildings are flushed, chlorinated, and tested before being accepted for occupancy Buildings are flushed, chlorinated, and tested before being accepted for occupancy

4. Historyof Complaints and Response Renewed complaints about taste from Caudill – March 2007 Renewed complaints about taste from Caudill – March 2007 OWASA sampling OWASA sampling Caudill – March 22 and 26 Caudill – March 22 and 26 Chapman – March 30 Chapman – March 30 Results showed high hardness – non-specific indication of a problem Results showed high hardness – non-specific indication of a problem

5. Historyof Complaints and Response Actions Taken Actions Taken Water turned off to water fountains and breakroom sinks Water turned off to water fountains and breakroom sinks Signs posted Signs posted Memo sent to occupants Memo sent to occupants Testing for specific metals Testing for specific metals Additional flushing of Caudill and Chapman Additional flushing of Caudill and Chapman Search for cross-connections Search for cross-connections

6. History of Complaints and Response Tri Test sampling for specific metals on March 29 and April 2 in four buildings Tri Test sampling for specific metals on March 29 and April 2 in four buildings Results received on April 12 Results received on April 12 Kenan – no elevated lead Kenan – no elevated lead Sitterson – no elevated lead Sitterson – no elevated lead Caudill – mildly elevated lead in 2 samples (water fountains) Caudill – mildly elevated lead in 2 samples (water fountains) Chapman – elevated lead in 1 sample (main water service line in building) Chapman – elevated lead in 1 sample (main water service line in building)

7. Historyof Complaints and Response Actions Actions Additional E-mails to occupants of Caudill and Chapman Additional E-mails to occupants of Caudill and Chapman Water turned off to bathroom sinks (since restored) Water turned off to bathroom sinks (since restored) Additional signs posted Additional signs posted Bottled water supplied to buildings Bottled water supplied to buildings Sought assistance from Sought assistance from Orange County Health Department Orange County Health Department N.C. Public Water Supply Section, Department of Environment and Natural Sources N.C. Public Water Supply Section, Department of Environment and Natural Sources Experts in Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health Experts in Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health State Toxicologist, Division of Public Health, Department of Health and Human Services State Toxicologist, Division of Public Health, Department of Health and Human Services

8. Historyof Complaints and Response Actions Offering free lead testing to pregnant and nursing mothers and children Offering free lead testing to pregnant and nursing mothers and children Investigating building design and construction Investigating building design and construction Investigating lead standards for plumbing piping, fittings, and fixtures since 1980’s Investigating lead standards for plumbing piping, fittings, and fixtures since 1980’s Investigating design conforms to standards Investigating design conforms to standards Investigating plumbing components Investigating plumbing components

9. Historyof Complaints and Response Actions Actions Additional sampling Additional sampling Over 60 samples Over 60 samples 4 separate sampling events 4 separate sampling events Tested by Research Triangle Institute and Tri Test Tested by Research Triangle Institute and Tri Test Results indicate complex situation Results indicate complex situation May be related to particular devices or fittings May be related to particular devices or fittings May be related to water utility treatment protocol May be related to water utility treatment protocol May be related to interrelationship between the two May be related to interrelationship between the two Additional flushing Additional flushing

10. Historyof Complaints and Response Actions Actions Posted sampling results on the web – www.ehs.unc.edu Posted sampling results on the web – www.ehs.unc.eduwww.ehs.unc.edu OWASA has made adjustments to water supply treatment protocol OWASA has made adjustments to water supply treatment protocol University has hired Dr. Marc Edwards, Virginia Tech, leading expert on lead contamination in water, to lead investigation University has hired Dr. Marc Edwards, Virginia Tech, leading expert on lead contamination in water, to lead investigation

11. Sampling Results EPA Action Level - 0.015 mg/L Lead (or 15 parts per billion) EPA Action Level - 0.015 mg/L Lead (or 15 parts per billion) Requires public water systems to Requires public water systems to Provide education materials Provide education materials Take action to reduce lead in water Take action to reduce lead in water Based on what an infant could ingest at 1 L/day without elevated blood lead levels Based on what an infant could ingest at 1 L/day without elevated blood lead levels Adults - Levels above 0.100 mg/L at 2 liters per day may cause elevated blood lead levels Adults - Levels above 0.100 mg/L at 2 liters per day may cause elevated blood lead levels

12. Sampling Results Drinking Fountains - 26 samples EPA Action Level - 0.015 mg/L Lead No. Below Detection No. with lead detected Average of samples with detectable lead (mg/L) No. Above EPA Action Level Highest Value Measured (mg/L) 9170.00720.034

13. Sampling Results Break Rooms - 9 Samples EPA Action Level - 0.015 mg/L Lead No. Below Detection No. with lead detected Average samples with detectable lead (mg/L) No. Above EPA Action Level Highest Value Measured (mg/L) 540.00500.010

14. Sampling Results Bathrooms - 15 Samples EPA Action Level - 0.015 mg/L Lead No. Below Detection No. with lead detected Average samples with detectable lead (mg/L) No. Above EPA Action Level Highest Value Measured (mg/L) 0150.13141.12 Lead is not absorbed through skin and handwashing poses no risk

15. Sampling Results Laboratory Sinks - 17 Samples EPA Action Level - 0.015 mg/L Lead No. Below Detection No. with lead detected Average samples with detectable lead (mg/L) No. Above EPA Action Level Highest Value Measured (mg/L) 1160.02610.13

16. Sampling Results Main Service Line in Bldg 14 Samples No. Below Detection No. with lead detected Average samples with detectable lead (mg/L) No. Above EPA Action Level Highest Value Measured (mg/L) 0140.08890.631 EPA Action Level - 0.015 mg/L Lead

17. Conclusion We take having safe drinking water in Chapman and Caudill -- and throughout the University -- seriously. We take having safe drinking water in Chapman and Caudill -- and throughout the University -- seriously. The University is working hard to correct this problem The University is working hard to correct this problem The University is committed to finding a solution to ensure the water in these buildings is safe. The University is committed to finding a solution to ensure the water in these buildings is safe.

18. Health Effects from Exposure to Lead Luanne K Williams, Pharm.D., State Toxicologist North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services