1. Antoine de Saint-Exupery: Perfection is reached, not when there is no longer anything to add, but when there is no longer anything to take away. DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, TWR/T-FRA, Andre Adrian

2. What is Phoenix ?  The new DFS Tower Radar Display  Single Model KF Multi Radar Tracker with - central track file - plot fusion - no mosaicing  Two server, two LAN redundant architecture  Remote Radar display with 9600bps link  Using Linux on PC-Hardware, written in C  Capacity 30 sensors, 2000 tracks DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, TWR/T-FRA, Andre Adrian

3. Phoenix - Designer's Experiences  What the measurement transformation has broken, the filtering can not fix. - cheap transformation approximations deliver biased transformed measurements to the filter  A minimum number of statistical variables for a maximum position accuracy - model determination needs information that is taken away from position accuracy.  There is always one more bug DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, TWR/T-FRA, Andre Adrian

4. Phoenix Design decisions  Use all measurements  Use high quality Measurement transformation  Only use ellipsoid validation gate  Use low CPU-load Kalman Filter with - coupled x, y axes, uncoupled z axis - no acceleration state variable  Track every target  Display always Track position  Minimize Server to Server communication DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, TWR/T-FRA, Andre Adrian

5. Phoenix 4+2 Dimension Kalman Filter State vector X, Transition matrix F, State Covariance matrix P DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, TWR/T-FRA, Andre Adrian

6. Phoenix Slant Range Correction Circular Earth Model Distance over ground s range , Target Altitude H c Sensor Altitude H r Earth Radius E r DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, TWR/T-FRA, Andre Adrian

8. Phoenix Measurement transformation Plot position in system coordinates x r, y r Sensor position in system coordinates x, y Plot position in measurement coordinates ,  Meridian convergence , length distorion  Target Altitude H c, Sensor Altitude H r DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, TWR/T-FRA, Andre Adrian

9. Phoenix Meridian Convergence Stereographic projection of northern hemisphere with point of tangency 50°N, 10°E * „North“ on the map is longitude dependent DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, TWR/T-FRA, Andre Adrian

10. Phoenix length distortion compensation Differences projected distances to great circle distances (mid-latitude) for Germany area Left: no length distortion compensation  Right: with  (Distortion in cm per projected km) DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, TWR/T-FRA, Andre Adrian

11. Radar/Track Playback AMOR/RAPS ATC System under test like Phoenix TE Infrastructure for statistical Evaluation of ATC systems System Log ASCII file of converted input measurements System Log ASCII file of displayed targets Statistical Tool for Track/Radar quality control SAS Simulated Radar or Track data from AFS DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, TWR/T-FRA, Andre Adrian

12. Phoenix Evaluation results DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, TWR/T-FRA, Andre Adrian

13. Phoenix failed evaluation detail DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, TWR/T-FRA, Andre Adrian

14. Phoenix failed evaluation target path DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, TWR/T-FRA, Andre Adrian

15. Phoenix measured performance with Germany live traffic  650MHz PC: 13 Radars, 550 Tracks -> 12% CPU load 30 Radars, 830 Tracks -> 28% CPU load  2GHz PC: 13 Radars, 550 Tracks -> 7% CPU load 30 Radars, 830 Tracks -> 15% CPU load  O(n) for track to CPU load much better than n^2 DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, TWR/T-FRA, Andre Adrian

16. Phoenix -Conclusions System Evolution: Primitivefixed gain filter Complexinteractive multi model filter Simplesingle model filter * To be done: Sensor weather channel display Minimum safety altitude warning (MSAW) More integration with flight-plan systems Better tracking of dim targets and, and, and... DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, TWR/T-FRA, Andre Adrian