2. TCS2411 Software Engineering1 System Engineering and Analysis “What is the role of the software product?”

3. TCS2411 Software Engineering2 Lecture Objectives zTo examine the elements of a computer- based system zTo understand the development process of a system zTo illustrate the representations of a business information system

4. TCS2411 Software Engineering3 Definition of System “A collection of interrelated components that work together to achieve some objective” Objective: to develop a product, to support business functions…etc.

5. TCS2411 Software Engineering4 Information system types zManual (read a text by your eyes then summarize using your pen) zAutomated (get the information through a computerized system) Process Data Information

6. TCS2411 Software Engineering5 system environments zInternal, like users, organization structure and procedures zExternal, consists of all factors outside the organization that affect the system

7. TCS2411 Software Engineering6 System Elements zSoftware: computer programs, data structures, and related documents. zHardware: electronic computing devices and connectivity devices. zPeople: users and operators. zDatabase: large and organized collection of information that is accessed via the software. zDocumentation: descriptive information for user and operator (e.g. hardcopy manuals, on-line help files) zProcedures: steps that define the specific use of each system element.

8. TCS2411 Software Engineering7

9. 8 System Life Cycle Phases  Initial Strategy  Identification of needs, problems, opportunities, goal objectives and scope.  Critical to the success of the project.  The analyst must be honest.  The analyst must discover what the business is trying to do.

10. TCS2411 Software Engineering9 System Life Cycle Phases (Continued)  Determining the Requirements (Information and Tools)  Several tools are used to define IR in the business, sampling, investigating of hard data, interviewing, questionnaires, observing, prototyping.  The analyst is striving to understand what information users need to perform their job

11. TCS2411 Software Engineering10 System Life Cycle Phases (Continued)  Feasibility Study  Economic, technical, legal feasibility (can be done or not).  Cost-benefit analysis, risk assessment  "Go / no-go" decision  Analysis  Requirements definition & specification  there are some special tools and techniques that help the analyst as DFD, Data Dictionary

12. TCS2411 Software Engineering11 System Life Cycle Phases (Continued)  Design  Logical & Physical Design (Design the interface, input/output, file or database)  System specifications  Implementation  Installation  Training  File conversion  Systems testing, security

13. TCS2411 Software Engineering12 System Life Cycle Phases (Continued)  Maintenance, Review and Test  Amendments (fix) by the programmers  System audit, by the programmers and analyst

14. TCS2411 Software Engineering13 System Engineering Hierarchy Business or product domain Domain of interest World view Domain view Element view Detailed view System element

15. TCS2411 Software Engineering14 System Engineering Hierarchy continue zWorld view: the entire business or technology is examined. zDomain view: specific domain of interest. zElement view: the need for targeted system element (e.g. data, software, hardware, people) is analyzed. zDetailed view: analysis, design, and construction of a targeted system element.

16. TCS2411 Software Engineering15 System Modeling The engineer creates models that: zdefine processes for the view under consideration. zrepresent behaviour of the processes zexplicitly define exogenous and endogenous input to the model zrepresent all linkages (including output) to better understand the view

17. TCS2411 Software Engineering16 Exogenous & Endogenous Inputs zExogenous inputs link one constituent of a view with other constituents (at the same or other levels) zEndogenous inputs link individual components of a constituent at a particular view

18. TCS2411 Software Engineering17 Restraining Factors of System Model zAssumptions zSimplifications zLimitations zConstraints zPreferences

19. TCS2411 Software Engineering18 Enterprise Modeling zOrganizational structure zBusiness-level data modeling zProcess modeling zInformation flow modeling

20. TCS2411 Software Engineering19 Organizational Structure XYZ Company Corporate Support Sales & Marketing EngineeringManufacturing FinancePlanning …..

21. TCS2411 Software Engineering20 Business-level Data Modeling Product A Salesperson Customer describes sells purchases evaluates inquires about contacts assists

22. TCS2411 Software Engineering21 Process Modeling Establish customer contact Provide evaluation product Provide product info Address questions/ concerns Accept sales order Check availability Prepare delivery order

23. TCS2411 Software Engineering22 Information Flow Modeling Establish customer contact Provide evaluation product Provide product info Address questions/ concerns Accept sales order Check availability Prepare delivery order Contact record Product info Product description queries Customer order Inventory availability configuration d.o. info

24. TCS2411 Software Engineering23 Summary zSystem analysis provides the ‘big’ picture of the computer-based system where software is to be used zBy understanding the system, a better software product can be produced zIdentification of elements of the system provides the framework for software requirements

25. TCS2411 Software Engineering24 Software Requirements Specifications zProblem Statement ysystem reference, problem areas zData model yEntity Relationship Diagram zFunctional requirements yList of functions, Context diagram, DFD zBehaviour model yState Transition Diagram zGlossary of Terms

26. TCS2411 Software Engineering25 References z“Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach” 5th Ed. by Roger S. Pressman, Mc-Graw-Hill, 2001 z“Software Engineering” by Ian Sommerville, Addison-Wesley, 2001