2. Electrosorption of Metal ions from Aquebous Solutions NTHU MSCL Adviser: C. H. Liu C. He Yeh S. Yiacoumi, T.-Y. Ying, and K.-L. Yang School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332-0512

3. Outline Introduction & Background Principle & Experiment Conclusion Further Application

4. Ion exchange Evaporation (thermal) Electrodialysis Reverse osmosis Porous electrodes  Electrodeposited  Electrosorption Introduction & Background

5. Principle & Experiment Electrosorption  Surface area (monolayer but large area)  Regeneration efficiency  Less energy consume, low cost Requirement  high surface area  low electrical resistance  good polarizability  no participation

6. Principle & Experiment Carbon aerogel  Highly porous, High surface area(400~1000m 2 /g)  Low R( ≤40 m Ω)  Controllable pore size (Na+,K+<2nm, 2~50nm) Important electrosorption parameters  pore size (available surface area)  Capacitance (electrosorption per unit area ) Using carbon aerogel as electrodes

7. Principle & Experiment Mechanism on porous electrode  Electrical  Chemical Groundwater and Wastewater treatment  Inorganic  Radionuclide  Metal ions  Anions

8. NaF, NaCl (chemisorption is insignificant) Principle & Experiment TEM / Carbon aerogel

9. Principle & Experiment

11. Conclusion Electrosorption is an ideal process for removing ions from aqueous solutions Capability increases  Increase of the initial solution concentration  Increase of applied voltage  Properties of the electrodes

12. Further Application Capacitive Deionization of NaCl Solution using Four-Series Cells with Carbon Aerogel Composite Electrodes

13. Further Application Separation of Metal Ions from Liquid Waste (uranium)

14. Further Application Secondary DEP buffer/de-ion preparation Whole blood DEP preparation Carbon aerogel as a scaffold

15. Further Application Secondary DEP buffer/de-ion preparation Whole blood DEP preparation Carbon aerogel as a scaffold

16. "Carbon Aerogel Electrodes: Adsorption-Desorption and Regeneration Study for Purification of Water" Sanjay Tewari "ELECTROSORPTION OF METAL IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS" S. Yiacoumi, T.-Y. Ying, and K.-L. Yang School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332-0512 "Removal of Ni and Cu ions from aqueous solutions by means of a hybrid electrosorption/electrodialysis process" VD Grebenyuk1, NA Linkov2 and VM Linkov2* 1 Institute of Colloid and Water Chemistry, Ukranian National Academy of Sciences, Kiev-142, Ukraine 2 Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa Reference

17. "Separation of Metal Ions from Liquid Waste" Dr. G. Glasgow; glasgow@apsci.com; 937-766-2020 Applied Sciences, Inc. PO Box 579 Cedarville, OH 45314 E. Kennel: ekennel@apsci.com; 937-766-2020 Applied Sciences, Inc. PO Box 579 Cedarville, OH 45314 Dr. J. Zondlo; Zondlo@cmer.wvu.edu; 304-293-2111 Department of Chemical Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26506 S. Stover; Sstover299@aol.com; 304-293-2111 Department of Chemical Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26506 Reference

18. "Capacitive Deionization of NaCl Solution using Four-Series Cells with Carbon Aerogel Composite Electrodes" Chun-Mo Yang a,*, Gi Taek Lee a, Byung-Ki Na c, Dong Jin Suh b, Byung Won Cho a, and Won Il Cho a a Eco - Nano Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Korea b Clean Technology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Korea c Division of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea Reference