1. 1P1-1 Chapter Outline The Living World Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya, (Viruses) Biomolecules Functional Groups Major Classes of Biomolecules Biochemical Reactions Reactions, Energy, Metabolism, Order Genetic Information Processing

2. 1P1-2 What is Life? 1. Life is complex and dynamic. 2. Life is organized and self-sustaining. 3. Life is cellular. 4. Life is information based. 5. Life adapts and evolves.

3. 1P1-3 1.1 The Living World All living species are composed of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Living organisms are classified in to three domains: bacteria archaea (extremophiles) eukarya

4. 1P1-4 Prokaryotes Two groups: eubacteria e. g. Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus archae e. g. Halobacterium salinarium Thermoplasma acidophilus

5. 1P1-5 Eukaryotes Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. They contain organelles: eg. Nucleus. Most are multicellular.

6. 1P1-6 1.2 Biomolecules Most compounds found in organisms are organic molecules. These molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Most molecules found in organisms are derived from hydrocarbons.

7. 1P1-7 Biomolecules: Hydrocarbons

8. 1P1-8 Biomolecules: Functional Groups

9. 1P1-9 Biomolecules: Functional Groups

10. 1P1-10 Classes of Biomolecules-1a Amino acids make peptides and proteins. R groups  -aminoacid

11. 1P1-11 Classes of Biomolecules-1b Some amino acids are not  -aminoacids.  -alanine  -aminobutyric acid GABA

12. 1P1-12 Small Biomolecules-1c Peptide bond

13. 1P1-13 Small Biomolecules-2 Monosaccharides (simple sugars) make carbohydrates

14. 1P1-14 Small Biomolecules-3a Fatty acids are part of many lipids. Lauric acid (saturated) in anion form An unsaturated fatty acid

15. 1P1-15 Small Biomolecules-3b phosphatidylcholine

16. 1P1-16 Small Biomolecules-3c

17. 1P1-17 Small Biomolecules-4a Nucleotides join to form DNA and RNA. Nucleotides are composed of: a nitrogenous base ribose or deoxyribose sugar ring phosphate group

18. 1P1-18 Small Biomolecules-4b Bases Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) Uracil (U) pyrimidines purines

19. 1P1-19 Small Biomolecules-4c DNA Is a polymer of two polynucleotide strands wrapped in a right handed double helix. Has a sugar (deoxyribose) phosphate backbone. Has the bases paired via hydrogen bonding. (A-T and G-C) Carries the genetic information (genes) of an organism.

20. 1P1-20 Small Biomolecules-4d Fig 1.14

21. 1P1-21 Small Biomolecules-4e RNA Is a polymer of polynucloetide strands. Has a sugar (ribose) phosphate backbone. Has the bases A, U, G, and C. Consists of three types: messenger RNA transfer RNA ribosomal RNA