1. 1 Cal Poly SLO Computer Science Department Franz J. Kurfess Computers and Knowledge 1

2. 2 Some of the material in these slides is based on a lecture series has been sponsored by the European Community under the BPD program with Vilnius University as host institution Acknowledgements 2

3. 3 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Use and Distribution of these Slides These slides are primarily intended for the students in classes I teach. In some cases, I only make PDF versions publicly available. If you would like to get a copy of the originals (Apple KeyNote or Microsoft PowerPoint), please contact me via email at fkurfess@calpoly.edu. I hereby grant permission to use them in educational settings. If you do so, it would be nice to send me an email about it. If you’re considering using them in a commercial environment, please contact me first.fkurfess@calpoly.edu 3

4. 4 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Course Overview 4 ❖ Computers and Knowledge ❖ Usability and Knowledge ❖ Knowledge-centric Interaction ❖ Knowledge Acquisition, Representation, and Manipulation ❖ Knowledge Organization, Retrieval and Presentation ❖ Knowledge Exchange and Interaction ❖ Ethical and Social Dimensions of Knowledge ❖ Applications

5. 5 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Introduction ❖ Background FJK Background FJK ❖ Cal Poly Cal Poly ❖ Computers and Knowledge Computers and Knowledge 5

6. 6 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Background FJK ❖ Diplom and PhD in Computer Science from TU München ❖ PostDoc ICSI, Berkeley ❖ Neuroinformatik, Uni Ulm ❖ New Jersey Institute of Technology ❖ Concordia University, Montreal ❖ California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly SLO) 6

7. 7 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge 7 http://calpolynews.calpoly.edu/general_images/collage4.jpg http://www.elcorralbookstore.com/images/l arge/590403_large.jpg ❖ California State University campus on the Central Coast ❖ half-way between San Francisco and Los Angeles ❖ about 18,000 students ❖ 63 undergraduate programs ❖ 25 graduate programs (mostly Master’s degrees) Cal Poly San Luis Obispo

8. 8 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Colleges ❖ Agriculture ❖ Architecture and Environmental Design ❖ Business ❖ Engineering ❖ Liberal Arts ❖ Science and Mathematics ❖ University Center for Teacher Education 8 http://www.sloproperty.com/Images/P0000697.jpg http://santalucia.sierraclub.org/images/sanluis.JPG

9. 9 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge 9 http://leikam.com/mc/dec04coast/IMG_0004.jpg ❖ about 1 000 students in three programs ❖ bachelors in ❖ Computer Science ❖ Software Engineering ❖ Computer Engineering ❖ jointly with the Electrical Engineering Department ❖ Master’s in Computer Science ❖ about 80 students Computer Science @ Cal Poly

10. 10 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge CSC Faculty 10 http://www.inetours.com/CA-Coast/images/SLO/Cal_Poly_Pano.jpg ❖ about 23 professors ❖ plus about 10 semi-retired faculty still teaching courses ❖ most actively involved in research ❖ about a dozen lecturers ❖ some teaching by graduate students ❖ mostly courses for non-majors

11. 11 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge CSC Faculty at Work 11

12. 12 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Computers and Knowledge ❖ terminology ❖ data, information, knowledge, wisdom ❖ main usage ❖ storage/retrieval, reasoning,... ❖ open issues ❖ semantic gap, performance, tacit knowledge,... ❖ benefits ❖ storage capacity, calculations,... ❖ drawbacks ❖ knowledge acquisition, consistency, transparency,... 12

13. 13 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Knowledge and Usability ❖ usability aspects of knowledge-intensive applications and computer systems ❖ capturing knowledge ❖ finding and interacting with knowledge ❖ presenting knowledge to others ❖ cognitive aspects of dealing with knowledge ❖ advantages of humans (vs. computers) ❖ limitations and challenges ❖ cognitive models, learner types ❖ usability evaluations for knowledge-intensive tasks and systems ❖ suitability of existing methods ❖ modifications 13

14. 14 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Knowledge-Centric Interaction ❖ support for the utilization of computer-based knowledge ❖ static knowledge aspects ❖ classes, hierarchies, ontologies ❖ dynamic knowledge aspects ❖ time, location, processes, events ❖ Delphi method, process modeling ❖ technology ❖ Semantic Web, Wiki, RSS 14

15. 15 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Knowledge Acquisition, Representation and Manipulation ❖ transfer of knowledge from humans to computers ❖ extraction of knowledge from data collections ❖ data mining ❖ representation of knowledge in computers ❖ rules, frames, scripts, RDF, meta-data ❖ generating new knowledge from existing knowledge ❖ inference, reasoning 15

16. 16 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Knowledge Organization ❖ establishing relations among knowledge items ❖ explicit vs. implicit ❖ special relations ❖ is-a, part-of, contains, similarity,... ❖ methods for organizing knowledge ❖ hierarchies, categorization schemes, descriptors, ontologies, meta-data, Semantic Web,... 16

17. 17 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Knowledge Retrieval ❖ finding and retrieving relevant knowledge items from large collections ❖ syntax-oriented vs. semantics-oriented ❖ feature-based retrieval ❖ similarity-based search ❖ retrieval techniques ❖ information retrieval ❖ search engines ❖ relevance ranking ❖ relevance feedback 17

18. 18 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Knowledge Presentation ❖ presentation of relevant knowledge items to the user ❖ text, graphics, animation ❖ visualization techniques, alternative presentation methods ❖ Human-Computer Interaction and usability aspects 18

19. 19 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Knowledge Exchange ❖ transfer of knowledge between agents ❖ internal representation of knowledge ❖ levels of abstraction ❖ knowledge exchange languages ❖ sharing knowledge between computers and humans ❖ sharing knowledge between computers 19

20. 20 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Constrained Access ❖ Access to knowledge under circumstances that limit interaction ❖ situational ❖ environment or context prevents some interaction methods ❖ individual ❖ user preferences or limitations ❖ Alternative input methods ❖ speech, alternative text entry or pointing devices ❖ Alternative output methods ❖ computer-generated speech ❖ printouts (paper) ❖ special-purpose displays (headsets, glasses) ❖ augmented reality (displays are integrated with the environment) 20

21. 21 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Applications ❖ examples of domains, tasks, systems where interaction with knowledge is critical ❖ design, construction, maintenance, repair of complex systems ❖ power plants, chip factories, airplanes ❖ medicine and health ❖ diagnosis, treatment ❖ drug interactions, drug design ❖ knowledge/intelligence extraction ❖ identifying critical pieces of knowledge and information about activities of organizations and individuals 21

22. 22 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Ethical and Social Dimensions ❖ Ethical issues ❖ Should knowledge be freely available to anybody? ❖ intellectual property issues ❖ rewarding generation and organization of knowledge ❖ Social issues ❖ knowledge distribution methods in societies ❖ Should geography, wealth, social status, education, and other factors beyond the control of individuals and groups determine their access to knowledge? 22

23. 23 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Discussion ❖ Topics of mutual interest 23

24. 24 Franz Kurfess: Computers and Knowledge Project: Connecting Disconnected Abundance ❖ Purpose ❖ People and Organizations ❖ Motivation to Participate ❖ Knowledge Sharing ❖ Related Systems ❖ Technology ❖ Activities and Tasks ❖ Resources Needed 24