1. England’s green and pleasant land: spatial inequalities in green space ESRC/NERC Environmental Inequalities Seminar 6 Inequalities, Greenspace and the Natural Environment The Royal Society, Edinburgh 12-13 September 2007 Meg Huby: Department of Social Policy Steve Cinderby: Stockholm Environment Institute at York Annemarieke de Bruin: Department of Social Policy Piran White: Environment Department www.sei.se/relu University of York

2. England’s green and pleasant land: spatial inequalities in green space www.sei.se/relu University of York 1.Brief outline of the RELU project 2.Defining ‘green space’ across LSOAs in England 3.Measuring inequality in rural and urban areas 4.Differences between English regions 5.Effect of changing the base spatial unit 6.Relating inequality to inequity

3. www.sei.se/relu University of York Work based on a project in the Rural Economy & Land Use Programme (RELU) RELU aims to advance understanding of the social, economic, environmental and technical challenges faced by rural areas Aim of the earlier scoping study: To integrate natural and social science data into a spatial dataset that can be used for analysis to inform rural policy- making and provide a knowledge base for furthering policy integration England’s green and pleasant land: spatial inequalities in green space

4. www.sei.se/relu University of York

5. www.sei.se/relu University of York

6. www.sei.se/relu University of York

7. www.sei.se/relu University of York Gini coefficient All England LSOAs Urban LSOAs Rural LSOAs % total green space0.7160.7550.531 % woodland0.9180.9480.773 % grassy green space0.7450.7790.582

8. www.sei.se/relu University of York

9. www.sei.se/relu University of York

10. www.sei.se/relu University of York

11. www.sei.se/relu University of York LSOACAS ward % total green0.5310.466 % woodland0.7730.679 % grassy cover0.5820.520 Comparing Gini coefficients calculated for different BSUs

12. www.sei.se/relu University of York

13. www.sei.se/relu University of York

14. www.sei.se/relu University of York Good environmental conditions Poor environmental conditions Good socio- economic conditions Poor socio- economic conditions Focus groups

15. www.sei.se/relu University of York

16. www.sei.se/relu University of York

17. Lower-level Super Output Areas (SOAs) specifically designed for collection & publication of small area statistics consistent in terms of population size (average 400 households) allow release of data unavailable at lower Output Area level linked to postcodes can be aggregated to other administrative units no physical reality on the ground variable in area (0.16 to 16.5km 2 ) polygon boundaries not linked to grid squares used for collection of much environmental data

18. University of York 2004 Rural - Urban Definition settlements with population > 10,000 defined as urban others rural Rural classification based on morphology and sparsity measured for 1ha grid squares. SOA Morphology small towns villages and dispersed dwellings SOA Sparsity drop-off in population density away from centre