1. Overview -Lecture 3 Models of Development
Developmental Science
Models of Development (World Views)
Biological Theories of Aging
Psychological Theories of Aging
Sociocultural Models of Aging
Myth Busting…Facts on Aging Revisited

2. Overview -Lecture 3 Models of Development
Developmental Science
Models of Development (World Views)
Biological Theories of Aging
Psychological Theories of Aging
Sociocultural Models of Aging
Myth Busting…Facts on Aging Revisited

3. Link Back Lifespan Perspective says
Development is lifelong
Social or contextual influences on development must be considered
Nature versus Nurture debate is outdated

4. Developmental Science
Emergence of
Developmental Science
Life-span
perspective
Contextual
Interdisciplinary

5. Overview -Lecture 3 Models of Development
Developmental Science
Models of Development (World Views)
Biological Theories of Aging
Psychological Theories of Aging
Sociocultural Models of Aging
Myth Busting…Facts on Aging Revisited

6. Models of Development (World Views)
Organismic (Nature side of debate)
Mechanistic (Nurture side of debate)
Interactionist/Contextual (interaction between nature and nurture)
Reciprocal relations with environment

7. Summary Organismic Mechanistic Interactionist Multidirectional
Nature
of change
Multidirectional
Multidimensional
Qualitative
Quantitative
Contribution
of organism
Active
Passive
Active
Main force
of develop-
ment
Biological
intrinsic
maturation
External
stimulus
environment
Reciprocal
relations with
environment

8. Overview -Lecture 3 Models of Development
Developmental Science
Models of Development (World Views)
Biological Theories of Aging
Psychological Theories of Aging
Sociocultural Models of Aging
Myth Busting…Facts on Aging Revisited

9. Biological Theories of Aging
Programmed aging
Two types of
theories
Random error

10. Programmed Aging Theories
Genetic programming theory of aging
Sources of support:
Gompertz Curve
Heritability index

11. Gompertz Curve Age-specific death rate plotted against age in days
Is species-specific

12. =Correlation between monozygotic twins
Heritability Index
=Correlation between monozygotic twins
=Correlation between dizygotic twins
Indicates strength of genetic influence on a characteristic

13. Programmed Aging Theories
Telomere Theory
Replicative senescence- cells have limited number of replications before they can no longer replicate
Telomere- end of chromosome that protects genetic material during replication
Loss of telomeres may cause aging

14. Programmed Aging Theories
Specific Systems Theories
Nervous system theory
Endocrine system theory
Aging caused by losses within these systems

15. Biological Approaches to Aging:
Random Error Theories
Wear and tear
Mechanical damage
Rate of living
Use up energy for life
Waste product
Materials accumulate
Cross-linking
Collagen cross-links
Free radical
Unstable molecules
Immune system
Autoimmunity
Somatic mutation, error
catastrophe theory
Mutation theories
Order to disorder
Entropy destroys system

16. Biological Theories of Aging
Conclusions
Causes of aging not yet known
Genetics is more likely cause
Environment also plays important role

17. Overview -Lecture 3 Models of Development
Developmental Science
Models of Development (World Views)
Biological Theories of Aging
Psychological Theories of Aging
Sociocultural Models of Aging
Myth Busting…Facts on Aging Revisited

18. Psychological Theories of Aging
Erikson’s psychosocial theory
Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory
Identity process model
Multiple threshold model
Sociocultural model

19. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Biopsychosocial Nature of Theory
PSYCHO
SOCIAL
EGO
DEVELOPMENT

20. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Epigenetic Principle
Old Age
Childhood
Each stage unfolds from previous stage

21. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

22. Sense of purpose Lack of direction Basis for later adult stages
Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Adult Stages
Identity Achievement vs. Identity Diffusion
Sense of purpose +
Lack of direction -
Basis for later adult stages

23. Mutual relationships Self-absorption Builds on identity
Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Adult Stages
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Mutual relationships +
Self-absorption -
Builds on identity

24. Generativity vs. Stagnation Expressed most often in parenting
Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Adult Stages
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Productivity and care +
Inward energy -
Expressed most often in parenting
and work

25. Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Adult Stages
Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Acceptance of past +
Fear of death -
Sets stage for young

26. Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory
Basic Concepts
Stages of development in childhood
Processes of development
assimilation
accommodation

27. Existing structure (“schema”)
Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory
Processes of Development: Assimilation
Existing structure (“schema”)
Used to interpret
New experiences

28. Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory
Processes of Development: Accommodation
New experiences
Cause change
New or changed schema

29. Identity = sense of self Identity Process Theory
Definition of Identity
Identity
= sense of self

30. Identity Process Theory
Identity assimilation
Interpret experiences in terms of existing self
Identity accommodation
Change in self as result of new experiences
Balance

31. Stepwise recognition of age changes
Identity Process Theory
Multiple Threshold Model
Stepwise recognition of age changes
Identity processes influence age-related control behaviors

32. Overview -Lecture 3 Models of Development
Developmental Science
Models of Development (World Views)
Biological Theories of Aging
Psychological Theories of Aging
Sociocultural Models of Aging
Myth Busting…Facts on Aging Revisited

33. Sociocultural Models of Development: Ecological Perspectives
Emphasis on relations between individual and environment as forces to change
multiple levels to the environment

34. Sociocultural Models of Development:
Ecological Perspectives
Bronfenbrenner model
Sociocultural
Proximal social
Inner
processes

35. Overview -Lecture 3 Models of Development
Developmental Science
Models of Development (World Views)
Biological Theories of Aging
Psychological Theories of Aging
Sociocultural Models of Aging
Myth Busting…Facts on Aging Revisited

36. Myth busting…Facts on Aging Revisited
#11 The majority of old people are unable to adapt to change.
False

37. Myth busting…Facts on Aging Revisited
# 17 The majority of old people are socially isolated.
False