1. Epidemiology and Public Health Introduction, Part II

2. Changing Patterns of Community Health Health patterns in constant state of flux Infectious versus chronic diseases Population and age-related

3. Chain of Infection Etiological agent Source/Reservoir Portal of exit Mode of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host

5. Modes of Transmission Contact transmission Vehicle transmission Vector transmission

7. Classes of Epidemics Common source (vs. sporadic) Point source Intermittent Continuous Propagated Your Assignment: Define these terms & identify which apply to the following three graphs

11. Disease Investigation Establish diagnosis Identify specific agent Describe according to person, place and time Identify source of agent Identify mode of transmission Identify susceptible populations

12. Epidemiology and Clinical Practice Clinical practice dependent on epidemiology Epidemiology defines natural history of disease Even descriptive information is useful

13. The Epidemiologic Approach Multistep process First - determine association Then prove causation Not all associations are causal Examine validity, false assumptions- e.g. - fluoride in water

14. Analytic Studies Type of study Design Analysis of data

15. Epidemiology and Prevention Identify high risk populations Modify risks Prevent exposures

16. Levels of Prevention Primary Secondary Tertiary

17. Levels of Prevention (cont’d) Primary Involves halting any occurrence of a disease or disorder before it happens

18. Levels of Prevention (cont’d) Secondary Health screening and detection activities

19. Levels of Prevention (cont’d) Tertiary Retard or block the progression of condition