1. Recording Technology Review- past, present, future JIM CRAZE OFFERING TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS PO BOX 339, FULTON, MD 20759-0339 Telephone (301) 725 1427 Email crazej@ix.netcom.com..

2. Scope of this Talk Review of data storage methods Specific experiences with recorders & tape Applications for helical scan data recording formats Future data format possibilities 3-5 years Future data storage needs at CERN? When to focus on future possibilities

3. Recording Methods Longitudinal recording- fixed heads, moving tape Serial serpentine-moveable heads, moving tape, multiple passes Traverse-rotating heads, moving tape, Helical scan - rotating heads, moving tape, Optical- moveable heads, rotating soft & hard disk media Hard disk- moveable heads, rotating media Solid state recording- Flash, DRAM chips Holographic- not yet, but maybe next year, R&D

4. Recording Methods, Advantages and Disadvantages Data rates & Capacity- key points Access time- important to users Archival properties & Shelf life- estimates Backward compatible formats-limits Format roadmaps forecast the future Accuracy, key information for users

5. Applications Past, Present, Future Past-acquisition, process, storage-archival Present- acquisition, process, storage- archival- environmental changes- NASA satellites increasing Future- web storage increasing, significant changes in volume Government will be forced to turn to data storage instead of paper to keep costs down and timely services available

6. Who Depends on Helical Scan Recording Technology? Professional video market, ENG BetaCam, VHS consumer video, data & video back-up NASA Space Shuttle digital mapping missions- Endeavor Instrumentation data & some satellite down links US & NATO military data & video applications i.e., laboratory, fixed wing aircraft & helicopters Airborne operating environments- high & low temperature extremes

7. Not All Helical Scan Formats are Created Equal- examples AIT data recorder-Sony Camcorders-8mm- Hitachi, Panasonic, Sony, TEAC-Hi8mm, DV-6mm, others D3 composite video recorder-Panasonic DD3 data recorder- STK DDS data recorder-HP, Sony, others DIR1000 data recorder-Sony

8. Not All Helical Scan Formats are Created Equal- comment D3 composite video recorder was designed to use a co- planner MP tape cassette and was later modified to be a DD3 data recorder with a single spool cassette. This process was only partially successful in operational environments and was eventually rejected by users as not reliable. Any negative experience during or after recording data tends to get a great deal of attention and data owners have a long memory for formats that cause losses in productivity. Most helical scan formats have been successful after development.

9. Trends in data storage Disaster recovery plans & funding Increased emphasis for off-site storage Migration of data save space & verify data Higher capacities & data rates Automated operations may decrease staff Customer testing data formats to verify specifications

10. Trends in Data Storage -2 Cost of storage devices decreasing 35-40% per year Cost to manage storage increasing- estimates at 3-10 times acquisition costs Strategy Research Corp report “The Future of the Business Network”, network administrators manage an average of 5 TB. Others estimated 15TB in 2003– can anyone really “manage” that much data? Overhead costs increasing including energy -Data Center power consumption 100 watts per square foot, as compared to 10 watts per square foot for average home Disaster recovery costs will increase significantly

11. Search for Future Data Storage Products Reliability, Service, Cost, Reliability-key Company plans & roadmaps- need both Research + Investment = reliable products Investigate, evaluate, talk to key engineers New products driven by data security needs Roadmap details stimulate questions

12. Example-Sony Data Storage Roadmap Copy of March 2002 Sony roadmap Shows past, current products Future product plans including SAIT Competing products also shown Emphasis on future, to 2008

13. Future Data Storage Products- 2002-2007 Who wants to be first use a new product? Past- government agencies paid for non- standard recorders and tape Standards were important & generally required Current- COTS products are required Standards are still important Future- COTS expected to dominate the market Standards- should be more important for data interchange

14. Future Data Storage Products-2 Magnetic tape- demand for library compatible cartridges increases Small format library demand increases for work stations as cartridge capacities increase Metal Evaporated tapes give higher capacities MP & ME tape remain cheaper alternatives Hard disks-may still be more expensive Optical disks- expand in capacity-slow data rate Holographic recording- slow to start

15. Future Data Storage Products-3 Sony-SAIT-roadmap 2002-2007 LTO- roadmap 2002-2006 Super DLT-roadmap 2002-2007 Mammoth-3 late 2003 STK-9940-B, 2002, roadmap? Technology announcements & new products & next generation products will continue each year to meet demands for increased capacity, speed, data access.

16. Future High Data Rate Product US DOD uses some COTS recorders Sony 512 Mbits/ps currently available Next generation 1024 Mbits/ps introduced April 2002 with 600GB cartridge- 19 mm tape width (model # DIR2000U) This helical scan recorder selected by VERA astronomy program in Japan More details available on Sony DIR2000U

17. Future Security Applications What drives the need for secure data? U.S. DOD wants to mandate IT sector verify that its hardware-software products are secure, 11 April 2002. US Space Command detected 41,558 computer network attacks in 2001, a 75% increase over 2000. As of April 9 2002 they have detected 10,407 incidents.

18. Future Security Applications-2 Future “secure systems” from the IT sector will be more expensive Future data storage products can be a part of a “secure” storage architecture Increased data capacity of removable cartridges makes off site & on site storage more economical- less space Hard drive “hot spare”- is not a “quick” fix but it adds a level of data protection over “time”

19. How to Keep Data Readable Handle with care – simple procedures Environmental controls, 40-45 % RH, 65-70 degrees F Exercise flexible media- Mylar has a memory Migration is not just for the birds Test the quality of data- by lot number, before & after recording Read tape specifications for storage guidance

20. Comments and Questions Copies of SAIT roadmap & Power Point presentation available Copies of high data rate recorder Power Point presentation available Please use the sign-up information sheet and leave your business card for follow-up items of interest Jim Craze, crazej@ix.netcom.com Phone 301 725 1427