1. Interplanetary Networking Yeah, we mean it.

2. Mars Exploration Internet links, on a big scale!

3. Radios comms on, and to Mars and the Moon  Use FEC: Forward error correct -- redundant information sent to make it easy to recover data when you get an error. Used both on planet and between planets.  Often need to be in orbit to do good comms between planets.  Sun and planet can get in the way!

4. NASA Haughton-Mars Project 2001  International collaboration  Project PlanetNet: Comms for Planetary Exploration, CSA/NASA/SFU/CRC.  MADHR: Collaborative Networking for Exploration  Mobile Exploration Technologies: NASA Ames  HMP PI: Pascal Lee  Chief Engineer/Flight Engineer: Steve Braham  Collaborators: Peter Anderson, Rick Alena, Brian Glass, Bruce Gilbaugh

5. Mars, on Devon Island  Canadian High Arctic  Twenty km Crater, 23 Mya  Hostile, permafrost, barren, bears  Mars-like!  Astrobiology  Geology  Exploration technology studies

6. Mars-like Terrain!

7. Another Planet

8. Exploration Technology Studies  Robotics  Telemedicine  Mission Control  Field operations  Human/personal comms.  Internal Hab comms  System security, robustness, interoperability

9. Mars Arctic Research Station  Simulated Mars Habitat  Two deck, landed spacecraft format  Built by Mars Society  NASA researchers on- board  Full “flight” in 2001  Advanced Comms, computing

10. Inside a spaceship

11. “Biggest Mission in the World”

12. Haughton-Mars Base Camp 2000  2000 Field Season: 150 researchers, 30 journalists  Communications tent connected to Internet via satellite link, 1999 onwards  Science traverses across crater region  Exploration technology studies

13. Base Camp Region

14. Arctic/Mars Explorers!  Far away from help  Far from base  Need to talk to other scientists  Bears!

15. Comms/Sys on Devon  Expedition/Science support  Comms systems and physics experiments  Computing experiments  Systems integration experiments  Protocol studies  Mission Support (NASA JSC)

16. High Bandwidth Field Systems  Physics limits capabilities of conventional wireless network systems in open field, high bandwidth situations.  Ground multipath dominates at high speed, and spread spectrum and frequency hopping systems fail.  Canyons mean bandwidth must be delivered in the worst multipathing situations!

17. Advanced Radio Technology  Systems being tested in BC Mars Analog environments for good multipath behavior.  Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing: advanced, but expensive. 4th generation wireless comms.  Advanced control and monitoring: close to operational needs for Mars exploration.

18. Radio/SatCom Integrated

19. Space Communications  Bandwidth, Bit Error Rate, other Quality of Service: faster, cheaper, and maybe even better!  Steerable beams on NASA ACTS: Mars-Sat analog  Marginal links, near horizon, large variation

20. Mars Comms Physics  Ionospheric propagation: data collection through satcom links.  Tropospheric propagation effects: through radio link behavior, combined with detailed weather data. MGS data.  Multipath performance analysis of radios. Trying to bounce radio signals  Spectrum measurement. Trying to see how complex the radio situation is in the field.

21. Base Camp  Geology Tent  Biology Tent  Kitchen Tent, with Shower!  Comms Tent (SFU!)  Two Toilet Tents and “Pee Drum” (don’t ask)  Village of Personal tents, far from the Kitchen (no Bear midnight snacking!)

22. Building a network for Mars  Spacecraft lands on Mars  Astronauts, Robots, set up radio network  Hab communicates with spacecraft in orbit  Spacecraft relays messages between Earth and Mars. Maybe lasers.

23. Multiple systems  Satellite phone for emergencies  Satellite power amplifier  Satellite digital modem  Network bridge  Digital network radio

24. Day in the life on Mars  Wake up in morning  Receive data from Mission Control  Prepare, do EVA  Receive data from EVA crew, Hab and Mission Control  Transmit data, medical data, to Earth

25. Radio Repeater Network  Digital packet-level repeating through exploration region  System needs to route packets to right place  Remote network status monitoring  Need for power sources  Deployment in a space suit

26. Roving!

27. Global Communication

28. Interplanetary Networking Protocols  IPN: Interplanetary Networking Protocol, based on older concepts for pushing large files from one planet to another. Trades interactivity for reliability  UDP: Normal UDP/IP, use commercial technology and build what you need.

29. Telemetry and Robotics  Return of data from remote instruments  Tend to be commands files to robot, or data files back  Earth-control of robotics  Tele-operation of robotic rovers from Hab

30. File transfer  Reliability  Time priority effects protocol  MDPv2: broadcast based, multicast capable. Large, low time priority  IPN: Relying on FEC. Smaller, higher time priority  Applications more than both broadcast or file transfer

31. PolyLAB’s Interplanetary Mailbox  Use normal mail client protocols (IMAP, POP3) to deliver and read mail on mail server.  Use a special UDP-based (MDPv2) protocol to move messages between Earth and Mars.

32. Connected Intelligence  Extensive communication required for scientific field exploration  Mission operations requires complex modalities in Human missions  Purely robotic comms solutions don’t work  Protocols define capabilities  Applications define protocols  Transport, then application

33. Videoconferencing

34. Broadcast  Video and Audio  Telemetry  Can lose frames for humans  Robots respond badly to partial data  Humans on both sides in human missions  UDP fine  SCPS is the IPN equivalent.

35. Remote Communication

36. Collaborative Software

37. Advanced Services  Database access: access and update of information.  XML standards/translation services: similar to WML/WAP.  Distributed computing: systems all over the planet  Voice input and output: hands tough to use in a spacesuit!  Regional, space, network management

38. Need to be Alive, Need to be Happy!  Get dirty, smelly  Get to know all the habits of the team  limited entertainment  6-9 months TO Mars  18 months ON Mars  It’s about people

39. What’s it good for?  Disaster communications  Remote communities  Developing countries  Testing advanced systems