1. Evolution

2. Evolution, n. [L. evolutio - an unrolling] 1: a process of change in a certain direction 2: a theory that the various types of animals and plants have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations

3. Charles Darwin naturalist and collector amateur geologist avid reader and soon to be traveler

4. Darwin’s Thoughts Why are some animals only in certain places? How old is the earth? Where do fossils fit in? Has everything always been here on Earth? Where did humans come from? Why are there so many different kinds of animals? Do plants ever change?

5. Darwin’s Voyage 1831- 1836

6. Darwin’s Observations Buried fossil skeletons of animals no longer around Finches with small changes in beak shape associated with different diets Tortoises in different ecosystems with different shell types Layers of sedimentary rock exposed from an earlier time

7. Evidence for Evolution  Geologic Time Scale Fossil Record Homologous Structures Embryology Molecular Biology

8. Is the Earth Old Enough?

9. Time Scale for Life

10. Earth’s Cool Dance – the Continental Drift Permian – 225 myaTriassic – 200 mya Jurassic – 135 myaCretanceous – 65mya Present

11. Best Geology on Earth – New England Trilobites at Lake Champlain 430 mya (Ordovician) Dinosaurs in Hartford 200 mya (Triassic)

12. Evidence for Evolution Geologic Time Scale  Fossil Record Homologous Structures Embryology Molecular Biology

13. The Fossil Record

14. Barbellus

15. A Whale of a Story

16. Evidence for Evolution Geologic Time Scale Fossil Record  Homologous Structures Embryology Molecular Biology

17. Homologous Structures

18. Evidence for Evolution Geologic Time Scale Fossil Record Homologous Structures  Embryology Molecular Biology

19. Evolution Replays in the Embryo

20. Whale Embryos

21. Evidence for Evolution Geologic Time Scale Fossil Record Homologous Structures Embryology  Molecular Biology

22. Molecular Biology Clues Proteins –Enzymes – amino acid sequences Genetic Material –DNA base sequences Nuclear DNA Mitochondrial DNA

23. Clues from Cytochrome C 66* 36 31 20 17 13 HumanPigDuckSnakeTunaMothYeast * Number of base differences in gene coding for Cytochrome C

24. Darwin’s Dangerous Idea We thus learn that man is descended from a hairy, tailed quadruped, probably arboreal in its habits, and an inhabitant of the Old World. This creature, If its whole structure had been examined by a naturalist, would have been classed amongst the Quadrumana, as surely as the still more ancient progenitor of the Old and New World monkeys. “The Descent of Man”