1. Ontology Aware Software Service Agents: Meeting Ordinary User Needs on the Semantic Web Muhammed Al-Muhammed Supported in part by NSF

2. (2) The Challenge Reduce information overload Find and use services I want to see a dermatologist next week; any day would be ok for me, at 4:00 p.m. The dermatologist must be within 20 miles from my home and must accept my insurance.

3. (3) Approach Task ontology –Domain ontology –Process ontology Characteristics –Task specification: Free-form text –Request recognition: find best task ontology –Task execution Specialize task ontology processes Execute generated code

4. (4) Domain Ontology Time Textual representation: “[d][d]?\s*([:]\s* [d][d]?)?\s* ([A|a|P|p]\s* [.]?\s* [M|m]\s* [.]?)” … end;

5. (5) Task Recognition

6. (6) Appointment … context keywords/phrase: “appointment |want to see a |…” Dermatologist … context keywords/phrases: “([D|d]ermatologist) | …” I want to see a dermatologist next week; any day would be ok for me, at 4:00 p.m. The dermatologist must be within 20 miles from my home and must accept my insurance.

7. (7) Appointment … context keywords/phrase: “appointment |want to see a |…” Dermatologist … context keywords/phrases: “([D|d]ermatologist) | …” I want to see a dermatologist next week; any day would be ok for me, at 4:00 p.m. The dermatologist must be within 20 miles from my home and must accept my insurance.

8. (8) Appointment … context keywords/phrase: “appointment |want to see a |…” Dermatologist … context keywords/phrases: “([D|d]ermatologist) | …” I want to see a dermatologist next week; any day would be ok for me, at 4:00 p.m. The dermatologist must be within 20 miles from my home and must accept my insurance.

9. (9) Appointment … context keywords/phrase: “appointment |want to see a |…” Dermatologist … context keywords/phrases: “([D|d]ermatologist) | …” I want to see a dermatologist next week; any day would be ok for me, at 4:00 p.m. The dermatologist must be within 20 miles from my home and must accept my insurance.

10. (10) Process Ontology

11. (11) Task Execution Domain  independent subprocesses –Coded once –Specialized for a domain A domain  dependent subprocess –Domain execution –Automatically generated

12. (12) Domain  independent subprocesses Task View Creation

13. (13) Domain  independent subprocesses Task View Creation

14. (14) Domain  independent subprocesses Task Constraints Creation Date … NextWeek(d1: Date, d2: Date) returns (Boolean{T,F}) context keywords/phrases: next week | week from now | … Distance internal representation : real; input (s: String) context keywords/phrases: miles | mile | mi | kilometers | kilometer | meters | meter | centimeter | … Within(d1: Distance, “20”) returns (Boolean {T or F}) context keywords/phrases: within | not more than |  | … return (d1  d2) … end;

15. (15) Domain  independent subprocesses Task Constraints Creation Task  imposed constraints: NextWeek(d1: Date, d2: Date) Person(x) is at Address(a 1 ) and Dermatologist(y) is at Address(a 2 ) and Within(DistanceBetween(a 1, a 2 ), “20”)  i 2 (Dermatologist(y) accepts Insurance(i 2 ) and Equal(“IHC”, i 2 ))

16. (16) Domain  independent subprocesses Obtaining Information from the System

17. (17) Domain  independent subprocesses Obtaining Information from the System

18. (18) Domain  independent subprocesses Obtaining Information from a User

19. (19) Domain  independent subprocesses Obtaining Information from a User

20. (20) Domain  independent subprocesses Constraint Satisfaction

21. (21) Domain  independent subprocesses Constraint Satisfaction

22. (22) Domain  independent subprocesses Constraint Satisfaction

23. (23) Domain  independent subprocesses Negotiation

24. (24) Domain  Dependent Subprocess Date(“28 Dec 04”) and NextWeek(“28 Dec 04”, “5 Jan 05”) Person(Person100) is at Address(“Provo 300 State St.”) and Dermatologist(Dermatologist0) is at Address(“Orem 600 State St.”) and Within(DistanceBetween(“Provo 300 State St.”, “Orem 600 State St.”), “22”)  i 2 (Dermatologist(Dermatologist0) accepts Insurance(i 2 ) and Equal(“IHC”, i 2 ))

25. (25) Contributions Simplification of everyday task execution Domain  independent subprocesses Task ontology based system extension