1. Challenges and Opportunities for Today’s Math and Science Teachers and Students Timothy J. Leahy Director, INL Nuclear Safety and Regulation Division

2. World Energy Demand Continues to Significantly Increase Source: EIA IEO 2004 The increase is projected to be about 55 quads in industrialized countries alone over the next 25 years 1 quad is a mile-long coal train (11,000 tons) every 2 hours 24-7 for a year

3. World Energy Demand Crisis Human Infrastructure 2001 NEI survey indicated the U.S. nuclear industry, as a whole, will need roughly 90,000 new employees over the next 10 years to sustain current industry activity levels. 1 The Nuclear Energy Institute’s Feb. 2006 survey showed nuclear energy companies may lose an estimated 23,000 workers over the next five years, 40 percent of all jobs in the sector. 2 Source: NEI

4. Math and Science Education From 1994-2001, enrollment in science and engineering graduate programs by United States citizens declined ten percent. Enrollments of foreign graduate students increased nearly 35 percent in U.S. universities. United States minority enrollment increased from 22 to 35 percent, the 26 percent drop among white men and 9 percent drop among white women drove the overall decline. Source: National Science Foundation

5. Math and Science Education The percentages of twelfth-grade students performing at or above the levels of Basic, at or above Proficient, and at Advanced were lower in 2005 than in 1996. Source: Http://nationsreportcard.gov Assess ment yearBelow BasicAt or above Basic At or above ProficientAt Advanced 199643%*57%*21%*3%* 200048%52%18%2% 200546% 54% 18% 2% * Significantly different from 2005. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. View complete data with standard errors for grade 12.grade 12 Trend in twelfth-grade NAEP science achievement-level performance

6. Education/Job Outlook All types of financial aid for Science and Engineering graduate students have increased over the last 20 years. 1 There are more jobs than ever before: –From 1998-2001, Westinghouse hired 200 engineers directly out of college. The company expected to hire another 80 in 2002. 2 1983-2003 1998-2003 58% increase 19% increase

7. Education/Job Outlook The percentage of 24-year-olds in the United States with a science or engineering degree (5.7 percent) is nearly half that of Taiwan (11.1 percent), South Korea (10.9 percent) and the United Kingdom (10.7 percent). 1 By the end of 2008, it is predicted that some six million jobs requiring math and science skills will go unfilled simply because American youth won’t be qualified to hold them. 2

8. Opportunities Space – New Horizons/Nuclear Moon World Energy Crisis Next Generation Nuclear Power Plants GNEP

9. New Horizons/The Moon Jan 19, 2006 New Horizons Launch to Pluto –Exploration of the unknown ARES I & V – to the moon to stay –Crew transportation 2014 –First lunar excursion Est. 2020 Source: NASA

10. NASA Average age of NASA workers and years of federal service

11. World Energy Crisis Source: EIA IEO 2004

12. The World at Night

13. NGNP The Next Generation Nuclear Plant Will be built earliest in 2011 Need for people to provide power for everyday life. –TVs, computers, cars, lights, electricity

14. Global Nuclear Energy Partnership –Need for international cooperation of engineers/scientists to provide power for everyone. Urgent need for pursuit of energy future. –Main objective is to counter proliferation concerns, but will have effect of much greater resource utilization. –Includes call for small-scale reactors for less developed countries to access affordable, reliable and sustainable power.

15. Need for Small Reactors Designed for less developed countries with minimal nuclear power production infrastructure. Allows these nations to access affordable, reliable and sustainable power 50 – 350 MWe range Proliferation resistant and simple design = minimal in-country infrastructure Electrical generation and potential for potable water production

16. The Nuclear Option Nuclear is not the only option to alleviate our energy concerns, but we cannot succeed without it. Combination of electricity and Hydrogen production – NGNP. Power generation is the power of the next generation.