1. CA0932a Multimedia Development Lecture 11 Animation Techniques Principles in Flash

2. Weight and movement – Stretch and squash Object’s movement is indicative of its weight Weight gives objects personality Stretch and squash is fundamental principle of animation Stretching an object vertically means you need to squash it an equal amount horizontally To help with this, Flash object inspector in Info Panel calculates area formulas

3. Stretch and squash Eye blinks Eyes start open Eyes when shut flatten out or squash down Eyes when popping open eyes will stretch out slightly more than usual before returning to its original shape Example

4. Stretch and Squash Timing is essential in squash and stretch Bouncing Ball shows this Need to understand gravity on an object Bounce is arc shaped Ball should accelerate towards ground stretching out and squash upon impact Snap back to original shape decelerating to top of next arc

5. Stretch and Squash Force of gravity pulls it down – stretching out On impact ball squashes but returns to shape as it bounces back up Frames at top of arcs are closer together because more air is under ball Closer key frames the slower the object will move The more you spread out your key frames, the faster the ball will travel

6. Stretch and squash Example Bouncing ball could also be done with motion tween and onion skin method Be aware converting tweens to keyframes can make movie run more smoothly Takes less processing power to render keyframes than tweens

7. Anticipation Building up of tension of what is coming Anticipation is what precedes any major action with a subtle action Anticipation promotes clarity and timing Use anticipation to give a tween more life like quality

8. Flexibility and Follow through Follow through builds on the idea of flexibility usually dealing with an object in motion Be aware of appendages, I.e. long ears, tails, flowing clothes, hair For example hair in a walk cycle, can be captured by layering hair behind the head using onion skinning to draw the animation Example

9. Staging Keep in mind in Flash where you can re-use elements Need a consistent vision of clarity Audience should always be able to understand what is going through characters actions Simple poses and actions can make up complex actions

10. Exaggeration Exaggeration comes through in drawing Exaggerating poses is a key element of walk cycles

11. Arcs Mentioned in terms of stretch and squash, key frames, motion tweens and guided layers Arcs are great for movements of all kinds Arcs are good for up and down movement in terms of walking or turning of head

12. Walk cycle Walk cycles involve many fundamental of animation Squash and stretch and tweens of legs Drawing one leg may suffice Need to think of the arms – move opposite to legs Example

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