1. EE 489 Telecommunication Systems Engineering University of Alberta Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lecture 1 Wayne Grover TRLabs and University of Alberta

2. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 2 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering What is telecommunications? “tele” – Greek for distant “communicatio” – Italian for connection Telecommunication –distant connection or –transfer of meaningful information from one location to another Today it means: –“high tech” methods of information transfer Voice Video Data

3. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 3 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering Telecomunication Systems change our lives: … the “always- on” world is upon us….

4. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 4 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering Introduction Reasons you might take EE 489 –R&D career options Vendors (e.g. Nortel, Cisco) Telcos (e.g. Telus, AT&T) ISPs and other Internet Business Private Networks –Pre-requisites for other courses –EE 686 (Digital Transmission Systems) –EE 683 (Fibre Optic Communications) –EE 681 (Survivable Networks) –Personal interests Major critical public infrastructure Societal importance and history –Or.. “Its just neat to know how things in your everyday life actually work !

5. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 5 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering Introduction (2) EE 489 is mainly an introduction to key concepts –Concepts and theory for operation and design –Architectural concepts –Basic principles of various topics in telecom engineering Traffic engineering Telephony principles, digital coding of speech Wireless, cellular Transmission system design, fiber optics Switching systems Internet Optical Networking

6. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 6 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering US Circuit Switched Voice and Internet Traffic Compound Annual Growth Rate 1996-2005 Internet 95.8% Voice over IP 30% Data Traffic 30% Circuit Switched 12.1% Terabytes / day 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 1996199719981999200020012002200320042005 Source: Renaissance Analysis via Marconi PLC 2001

7. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 7 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering Fiber Optics and WDM: 1980s Wavelength (nm) 16001700 1400 1300 1200 1500 Attenuation (dB/km) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 1310nm 1550nm

8. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 8 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering 1990s Dense WDM: ITU Channel Spacing 16001700 1400 1300 1200 1500 Attenuation (dB/km) Wavelength (nm) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 1525 15301535 1540 15451550155515601565 ITU Channel Spacing And each wavelength can carry ~ OC-192 (10 Gb/s)

9. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 9 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering Trying to appreciate the capacity of fiber optics If 64Kb/s = 1 lane Then with current technology, a single fiber would = 25 Million Lanes, or a Highway that was 60,000 Miles Wide Adapted from Marconi OctoBrief 2001

10. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 10 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering Some real fiber optic networks

11. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 11 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering British Telecom

12. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 12 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering

13. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 13 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering The Level(3) N. American Network

14. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 14 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering 32-node Italian backbone transport network some other fiber network topologies

15. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 15 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering Growth of global telecom system “It took a hundred years to connect a billion people by wire. It has taken only ten years to connect the next billion people.” –National Geographic Magazine, December 2001

16. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 16 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering Your Instructor: Wayne Grover B.Sc. - Carleton U, Ottawa, M.Sc. - U. Essex, U.K. (Commonwealth Scholar), Ph.D. - U. Alberta (‘89) - “Self-healing Networks” 10 years BNR (Nortel Networks) Research & Development Start-up of TRLabs consortium, 1987 (Founding VP - Research) –Research and management roles at TRLabs, 1986- present 2002 IEEE Fellow “for contributions to survivable and self-organizing broadband networks” 30 years telecom R&D experience >35 patented inventions to date web site: http://www.ece.ualberta.ca/~grover/

17. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 17 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering Timeline of Modern Telecom 1837– Samuel Morse invents telegraph (demonstrated in 1844) “What hath God wrought?” 1850 – Telegraph cables cross English Channel 1858 – First trans-Atlantic telegraph cable laid (Canada to Ireland) 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell invents telephone (Brantford, ON) “Watson come here, I want you” 1885 – AT&T incorporated 1888 – Heinrich Hertz discovers electromagnetic waves 1895 – Marconi invents wireless telegraph 1895 – Northern Electric and Manufacturing Company Ltd. 1901 – Marconi sends first trans-Atlantic wireless telegraph (England to Newfoundland); dot-dash “spark gap” transmitter

18. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 18 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering Timeline of Modern Telecom (2) 1906 – Canadian Reginald Aubrey Fessenden realized the first public radio voice broadcast http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/VOLUME02/Reginald_Aubrey_Fessenden.shtml 1912 – First SOS transmitted from RMS Titanic 1919 – XWA (Montreal) becomes first licensed radio station in North America 1923 – First radio hockey play-by-play by CKCK (Regina) 1924 – First radio airing of Stanley Cup game 1927 – First radio trans-Atlantic commercial phone calls 1932 – Trans-Canada telephone toll system 1939 – Electronic computer developed 1941 – Marriage of computer and communications –telegraph code punched on paper tape read by computer

19. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 19 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering Timeline of Modern Telecom (3) 1947/1948 – Transistor invented at Bell Labs 1950 – Time division multiplexing developed 1956 – First trans-Atlantic phone cable 1960 – Laser developed 1961 – Integrated circuit developed 1962 – Telstar I launched (first communication satellite) 1966 – Northern Telecom publishes first paper related to optical fibres 1969 – Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) funds “ARPANET” 1970 – Corning Glass develops first optical fibre

20. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 20 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering Timeline of Modern Telecom (4) 1975 – First digital telephone switch (Northern Telecom) 1977 – Above switch installed in Canada 1981 – Above switch installed in USA 1982 – “Internet” used to describe successor to ARPANET 1989 – First SONET-standard optical fibre products released (Northern Telecom) 1990 – World Wide Web becomes part of the Internet Today: –1 billion telephones in over 200 countries –~15 Billion microprocessors on the planet (6 Billion humans). –Telegraphy, telephony, data, television, finance, etc integrated into global telecom system

21. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 21 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering Some of what the Future Holds I. Expansion to the developing world (estimated ~ 3 billion people have never used a telephone) –Opportunities to build “green fields” network designs –Short-cut to the latest technology –Huge role for fixed wireless and satellite II. Machine-to-Machine communication –More machines than humans –Can exchange data more quickly –Think: “this overhead projector will have its own IP address and talk on its own to the world about its bulb burning out” –“pervasive computing” –Seamless human-machine interfaces; wearable computers, virtual reality III. “Convergence” of… –Telephone, TV, Movies, Telemetry, Monitoring, Internet, Storage IV. Future applications: Virtual reality, 3D holography, telepresence, web agents, robots, weather prediction,… –Some future applications are estimated to require backbone capacities of 1,000 to 200,000 terabits/sec (1 terabit/sec = 10 12 bit/sec)  Telecommunications is still very much a growth industry !

22. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 22 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering Importance of Switching – Avoiding a “show stopper” If there were no switching machines, each phone would have to be directly connected to all others. What are the implications? 5000 km 2500 km Consider Southern Canada and USA: Size = 5000 km x 2500 km Size = 12 500 000 km 2

23. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 23 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering Depth of wiring Therefore volume of wiring Assume average connection is 2000 km long. Average wire pair cross-section Fully connected: Approximately 250 million phones Switching Machines (2) 60km deep!

24. Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489 24 EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering How to do well in this course Come to every class Get the Decorby notes download and do the assigned readings. Check web site at least once a week in advance for any further notes or problem solutions or handouts. Print and organize all course materials in sequence in a binder Take notes when whiteboard developments are done Do all assigned problems Go over in-class examples Approach to exam writing –Do easy questions first –Don’t rush –Show all work Term tests and/or Final will contain or be based upon: –At least one assigned problem –At least one in-class example