1. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Determination of Glucose Concentration in Whole Blood using FTIR Spectroscopy Y.C. Shen, A.G. Davies, E.H. Linfield Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK P.F. Taday, D.D. Arnone TeraView Ltd, 302/304 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK T.S. Elsey Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 2QR, UK

2. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Background Determination of glucose in blood diabetes Infrared spectroscopy no reagents multi-analyses from a single spectrum no damage to the samples automation

3. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy FTIR spectroscopy ? high water absorption ? complex blood matrix Whole blood: *45% cellular components *55% water and dissolved solids *Clinical level of glucose: 2-30mM (5mM, 90mg/dL)

4. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy FTIR 700-7500cm-1 Transmission spectrum of water Water absorption Glucose absorption

5. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy ** Samples 25  m liquid cell ** FTIR measurement 700-7500cm-1, 2cm-1 resolution ** Glucose concentration prediction Partial Least Square (PLS) model

6. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Results I: Glucose solution samples

7. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Absorption spectrum of glucose solution (60mM) The spectrum can be well simulated using eight Lorentz oscillators

8. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Glucose solution samples (1-8mM)

9. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Glucose determination: PLS model SEC=0.073mM; SEP=0.086mM

10. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Sensitivity: better than 0.1mM Specificity? Complex blood matrix

11. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy D-glucose D-Fructose Results II: Glucose solution mixtures

12. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Glucose in solution mixture: PLS prediction

13. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Results III: Whole blood samples Sensitivity and specificity

14. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Whole blood samples (2-30mM) Glucose absorption

15. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Glucose in whole blood SEC=0.46mM; SEP=0.58mM

16. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Compare with previous results:

17. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Summary: we have shown that FTIR transmission measurements, together with a PLS model, are a convenient and precise tool for the quantitative determination of glucose concentrations in blood. Results IV: The second derivative spectrum

18. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Glucose solution samples: (2-8mM) the second derivative spectrum

19. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Blood sample from a single patient (5-50mM)

20. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Blood sample from different patients Calibration setTest set

21. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Conclusions (1) The IR transmission measurements are a convenient and precise tool for the quantitative determination of glucose concentrations in blood (2) The second derivative spectrum is useful for glucose determination

22. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Acknowledgement EPSRC (UK) The Royal Society Toshiba Research Europe Ltd. Ms. R. Woodward Mr. P. C. Upadhya Mr. R. Driver

23. 2002-9-30Determination of glucose in whole blood using FTIR spectroscopy, YC Shen et al., THz-bridge Conference, 2002, Capri, Italy Thank you!