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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets Mariska Netjes Wil M.P. van der Aalst Hajo A. Reijers
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Outline Introduction Developed CPN model Application of the CPN model Conclusions Reflection
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Introduction (1) Business Process Redesign: improving performance with process oriented redesign From literature best practices for business process improvement are collected by H.A. Reijers & S. Limam Mansar, 2005 1 It should be noted that many of the best practices lack adequate (quantitative) support 1. H.A. Reijers, S. Limam Mansar. Best practices in business process redesign. Omega (33.4), 2005
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Introduction (2) We investigate two of these best practices Both best practices aim at the improvement of resource-constrained processes We built a CPN model to: –provide an easy way to model a resource-constrained process and –change it to evaluate best practices under different circumstances –with simulation
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Outline Introduction Developed CPN model Application of the CPN model Conclusions Reflection
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 CPN model – overview
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 CPN model – task building block
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 CPN model – resource module
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 CPN model – resource allocation methods Random allocation from all the available resources with a suitable role one is randomly selected Priority based allocation the available resource with the highest priority role is selected
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Outline Introduction Developed CPN model Application of the CPN model Conclusions Reflection
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Example process: opening a bank account
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 The use of monitors
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Specialist - generalist trade-off (1) Two mechanisms –specialist performs the work faster –generalist can perform more tasks Performance indicator = average throughput time Allocation method = random assignment Optimal ratio of specialists and generalists –too many alternatives to evaluate and compare –find a distinctive ratio –global search and further investigation
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Specialist - generalist trade-off (2) AlternativesThroughput timeUtilization rate 0[ 16.134 ; 18.604 ]0.84 1[ 14.541 ; 16.451 ]0.89 2[ 16.438 ; 19.086 ]0.89 3[ 29.694 ; 34.838 ]0.92 4[ 36.390 ; 43.550 ]0.93 5[ 51.831 ; 58.895 ]0.94
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Specialist - generalist trade-off (3) AlternativesThroughput timeUtilization rate 0[ 16.134 ; 18.604 ]0.84 1a[ 13.529 ; 14.867 ]0.86 1b[ 13.852 ; 15.538 ]0.86 1[ 14.541 ; 16.451 ]0.89 2[ 16.438 ; 19.086 ]0.89 3[ 29.694 ; 34.838 ]0.92 4[ 36.390 ; 43.550 ]0.93 5[ 51.831 ; 58.895 ]0.94
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Specialist - generalist trade-off (4) Conclusions A ratio with mainly specialists and one or a few generalists will provide the best trade-off between the shorter service times of the specialist and the flexibility offered by the generalist. Preconditions for finding a distinctive ratio: –high resource utilization –proportional distribution of specialized resources –service times should not differ too much
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Flexible assignment policy (1)
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Flexible assignment policy (2) Flexible assignment random assignment Our expectations: initial process performs the same more specialists than generalists: almost equal selection, minor differences more generalists than specialists: more specialists allocated, lower queueing and service times for the process
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Flexible assignment policy (3) Flexible assignmentRandom assignment Alt.Throughput timeUt. rateThroughput timeUt. rate 0[ 16.703 ; 19.731 ]0.84[ 16.134 ; 18.604 ]0.84 1a[ 14.066 ; 16.158 ]0.87[ 13.529 ; 14.867 ]0.86 1b[ 14.149 ; 15.687 ]0.87[ 13.852 ; 15.538 ]0.86 1[ 14.569 ; 16.613 ]0.88[ 14.541 ; 16.451 ]0.89 2[ 15.817 ; 17.410 ]0.90[ 16.438 ; 19.086 ]0.89 3[ 29.131 ; 34.279 ]0.93[ 29.694 ; 34.838 ]0.92 4[ 38.070 ; 44.872 ]0.92[ 36.390 ; 43.550 ]0.93 5[ 47.594 ; 54.428 ]0.94[ 51.831 ; 58.895 ]0.94
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Flexible assignment policy (4) New simulations for alternatives 3 and 4 with less cases arriving to lower the utilization rate. Arrival rateAlt.Allocation method Throughput timeUt. rate 120 cases per hour 3Random Flexible [ 12.075 ; 12.249 ] [ 11.312 ; 11.478 ] 0.64 0.60 4Random Flexible [ 12.489 ; 12.647 ] [ 11.707 ; 11.993 ] 0.67 0.62 150 cases per hour 3Random Flexible [ 12.276 ; 12.614 ] [ 11.814 ; 12.186 ] 0.78 0.76 4Random Flexible [ 13.076 ; 13.664 ] [ 12.563 ; 13.019 ] 0.81 0.79
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Flexible assignment policy (5) Conclusions Flexible assignment can improve a process with both specialized and generic resources Preconditions to benefit from flexible assignment: –the process is not loaded too heavily –extra benefit when the specialists work faster than the generalists
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Outline Introduction Developed CPN model Application of the CPN model Conclusions Reflection
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Conclusions The developed CPN model was useful and easy to change Specialist-generalist trade-off: the best ratio is one with mainly specialists and one or a few generalists Flexible assignment: improvement, especially when more generalists than specialists are availabe Same mechanisms, but opposite working
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Outline Introduction Developed CPN model Application of the CPN model Conclusions Reflection
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 Reflection on project Characteristics of project: ideas and modelling the first ideas: more people further development and application: mainly 1 person first time using CPN Tools (version 1.2.0) 3 weeks of modelling (development) 1 week of analysis (application) Difficulties: Many internal errors in the beginning Lack of programming skills
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Mariska Netjes, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Hajo A. Reijers - Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets CPN Workshop 2005 The End
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