1. The Internet Educational Equal Access Foundation The Internet Educational Equal Access Foundation IEEAF Global Quilt High speed links to Western Africa's coastal countries International Workshop on African Research & Education Networking Geneva, Switzerland September 25-27, 2005 Dr. Donald R. Riley Chair, IEEAF (www.ieeaf.org) SURA IT Fellow Professor, Decision Information Technologies Robert H. Smith School of Business University of Maryland, College Park Tel 301-405-8855; Fax 301-405-8655 Home Office/Mobile: 240-683-4564 drriley@umd.edu

2. 2 25 Sept. 2005 Extending High Bandwidth Performance Internet Connectivity to the African Research and Education Community

3. 3 25 Sept. 2005 What’s the real target? What are the important strategic issues? Is it just about the Internet? Or Internet2? NGI? Are universities just consumers/customers? Or are universities the cornerstone of “knowledge society” and “globalization”? Of both the human infrastructure and economic development via new technology development and transfer? Are we aiming for the future? Or just for today or yesterday? In other words, to always be behind?

4. 4 25 Sept. 2005 Bandwidth Divide for Africa International Connectivity is poor Internet cost is very high Satellite access limits what can be undertaken because of latencies and asymmetrical characteristics (assumes Africa is user of, not generator of, new information) Significant barriers to access to information and resources, modern education, collaboration, research, funding opportunities Dedicated NRENs are few Internet2 access is almost non-existent Human infrastructure is not being developed at rate needed The gap is widening

5. 5 25 Sept. 2005 By all measures, Africa is behind

6. 6 25 Sept. 2005 Sample Bandwidth Costs for African Universities

7. 7 25 Sept. 2005 Trends in Internet Troughput S.E. Europe, Russia: catching up Latin Am., Mid East, China: keeping up India, Africa: falling behind

8. 8 25 Sept. 2005 Loss to Africa (example of variability)

9. 9 25 Sept. 2005 Africa Derived Throughput

10. 10 25 Sept. 2005 Round Trip Transmission Times

11. 11 25 Sept. 2005 Development and Spread of Internet2 (NGI) U.S. Internet2 effort launched in 1996 Represents R&D for “Next Generation Internet” Has become international development effort with International Partners in 43 Countries NRENs: National Research and Education Networks Plus development of Regional Backbones (Europe with GEANT/DANTE, South America with CLARA, APAN in Asia Pacific) Represents significant economic development resource Not much happening in Africa

12. 12 25 Sept. 2005 Internet2: International Partners Internet2 International Partner Organizations and Networks Internet2 has formed peer-level relationships with organizations outside the U.S. who have projects similar to Internet2 in scope and objectives. Internet2 currently partners with over 40 of these international organizations and networks.

13. 13 25 Sept. 2005 Map of International GLIF Initiative: Global Lambda Integrated Facility www.glif.is Visualization courtesy of Bob Patterson, NCSA.

14. 14 25 Sept. 2005 Public-Private Partnership: IEEAF The Internet Educational Equal Access Foundation (IEEAF) is a partnership between the Research and Education Community and the Private Sector whose goal is to obtain donations of international bandwidth to enable a global collaboration in research and education.The Internet Educational Equal Access Foundation (IEEAF) is a partnership between the Research and Education Community and the Private Sector whose goal is to obtain donations of international bandwidth to enable a global collaboration in research and education. Current donations have already linked US and Europe, and US and Asia-Pacific.Current donations have already linked US and Europe, and US and Asia-Pacific. This bandwidth helps enable global collaborations in research and education, in the true spirit of the Global Quilt Initiative.This bandwidth helps enable global collaborations in research and education, in the true spirit of the Global Quilt Initiative.

15. 15 25 Sept. 2005 IEEAF Vision: The Global Quilt A Network of Networks, “stitched together” to create a common single fabric, and shared equally by all. This will be achieved through collaboration and community effort, until it covers the globe. The IEEAF has no boundaries of “home” territory….. "Non Nobis Solo" (Not by ourselves alone) (Not by ourselves alone)

16. 16 25 Sept. 2005 7600 km 9300 km 17 Time Zones 10 Gbps + 622 Mbps 10 Gbps + 622 Mbps IEEAF Global Quilt Initiative

17. 17 25 Sept. 2005 IEEAF Donation Summary 10 Gbps (OC-192 wavelength) plus separate 622 Mbps STM-1. New York - London - Groningen (Netherlands) Seattle - Tokyo Fiber pair: from Tyco Cable Station Groningen to Amsterdam, and to Hamburg co-location facility Fiber pair: Hamburg facility to 379 Weinderstrasse carrier hotel, where “German rings” meet Fiber pair: UK 8,000 miles of trans-USA fiber donated by AT&T to the Southeastern Universities Research Association (SURA) as SURA-IEEAF partnership Submarine bandwidth under discussion: To Lisbon UK-Bilbao-Madrid-Valencia-Barcelona-Marseilles To Copenhagen and St. Petersburg To Singapore, Thailand, India A new 10 gigabyte trans-Atlantic connectivity which GEO will use specifically for telemedicine and HEP initiatives.

18. 18 25 Sept. 2005 More Donations Pending The IEEAF is currently in negotiations for multiple pending donations that if successfully concluded will double the size of the Global Quilt Initiative and span all time zones. Negotiations for donations are being supported by a global community of Research and Education Visionaries: to Southeast Asia in Eastern Europe to Scandinavian/Nordic countries to Africa to India and South Asia

19. 19 25 Sept. 2005 Partnerships Create Donations We’re here to help any community trying to establish educational networks We’re successful because of the partnerships with leaders who share our vision It’s the partnerships that make it happen. Joining hands completes the ring….. A network of networks.... Community to community and village to village... The Global Quilt

20. 20 25 Sept. 2005 IEEAF Partnership with WIDE Jun Murai, Keio University and WIDE Project: Asset Steward of IEEAF Trans-Pacific Link from Seattle to Tokyo Established open Tokyo Lambda Exchange (T-LEx) Extending beyond Tokyo KEIO SFC Univ. of Tokyo NTT/KDD To: Osaka To: JAIST JAIST Osaka Kyushu NAIST To Korea To IEEAF/US To IEEAF/Asia (in plan) Geographical Map of Dark Fiber for IEEAF in Japan (as of Oct. 2003) Connected site DF TITECH 10Gbps over SONET/SDH

21. 21 25 Sept. 2005 Thailand Regional Initiative: Next Generation Internet Announced by H.E.Dr. Surapong Suebwonglee, Minister of ICT, Thailand January 26, 2005

22. SOI and WIDE

23. 23 25 Sept. 2005 NSF Funding for International Research Network Connections (IRNC) NSF funding new links from U.S. to International R&E Networks (2.5 to 10 Gbps “lambdas”) To Europe To Asia-Pacific To South America To China and Russia Nothing to Africa

24. 24 25 Sept. 2005 International Connectivity, Open R&E Exchanges, and International Peerings Japan Europe N.America S.America

25. 25 25 Sept. 2005 AtlanticWave: linking US East Coast International Exchanges IEEAF partnering with SURA, FIU- AMPATH-WHREN, MAX, SoX/SLR, Internet2/MANLAN, and the Academic Network of Sao Paulo (ANSP) to establish AtlanticWave AtlanticWave is an International Peering Fabric along the East Coast US, Canada, Europe, South America Plus…. Distributed IP peering points: NYC, WDC, ATL, MIA, SPB

26. 26 25 Sept. 2005 IEEAF and Africa May 2004: Asked by NSF if IEEAF techniques could work in Africa November 2005: In partnership with Internews, received small grant from NSF to do feasibility study and develop plan for “Extending High Bandwidth Academic and Research Networking to Africa” to support US-Africa research collaborations John Mack, J.L. Mack and Associates U.S. State Dept. (retired) George Sadowsky, Internews Network and Internet Society New York University (retired) Don Riley, Univ. of Maryland, Chair, IEEAF Ed Fantegrossi, CEO, Geographic Network Affiliates (GEO) and IEEAF board Don Benton, GEO Tom Durkin, GEO

27. 27 25 Sept. 2005 IEEAF and Africa January 2005: co-chaired NSF workshop on “I.T. for Enhancing US-Africa Collaboration on the Environment” February 2005: team visit to Senegal, Ghana May 2005: Co-organized IEEAF-Internet2 Worshop on “Enhancing R&E Networking Connectivity to and within Africa”

28. 28 25 Sept. 2005 January NSF Workshop “I.T. for Enhancing US-Africa Collaboration on the Environment” Attendees: US and African researchers, US Internet2 community, some US agencies and foundations Major conclusion: Both the quantity and quality of research collaborations are significantly limited by lack of adequate international connectivity and related infrastructure within country and on campus. Data generated in and about Africa typically put on servers in US and Europe because of African bandwidth issues. So African researchers have poor and expensive access to data from and about Africa.

29. 29 25 Sept. 2005 May IEEAF-Internet2 Workshop Enhancing R&E Networking Connectivity to and within Africa Participating organizations: NSF, National Library of Medicine, World Bank, Rockefeller Foundation, Carnegie Corporation, IDRC, NSRC, E-Africa Commission, National Knowledge Commission of India, TENET, Internet2, IEEAF and others. Assessment of the situation Connectivity for universities and other R&E institutions is sparse, unreliable, expensive, and low capacity; it needs to be dense, reliable, cheap, and higher capacity. Due to the current state of development of applications and usage, it doesn't yet need to be at the same level as currently being implemented in the US, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. There are many African and international initiatives in this area. There is a need to take stock of all these initiatives and to develop better mechanisms to share information, coordinate activities to create a more comprehensive and inclusive plan, set priorities, and reduce duplication and gaps. Its essential to ensure that Africans are included and active in setting the agenda.

30. 30 25 Sept. 2005 May IEEAF-Internet2 Workshop Enhancing R&E Networking Connectivity to and within Africa What the global R&E networking community can do: Recognize that the situation is one of mutual need. Because of African R&E's dire need for connectivity and Africa's importance to global R&E, global R&E is an ideal constituency to help push African R&E networking forward. Bring people together. There was strong interest in regular meetings and follow-up workshops, with a view toward coordinating projects, building relationships with African R&E, and better understanding African networking priorities. Jump-start the private sector. The private sector must be central to the development of African R&E networking, but can't do it alone. Projects should aim to encourage the growth of, and competition among, commercial Internet providers.

31. 31 25 Sept. 2005 May IEEAF-Internet2 Workshop Enhancing R&E Networking Connectivity to and within Africa What the global R&E networking community can do (cont’d) Help build NRENs and regional consortia in Africa. NRENs play a unique role in development of R&E connectivity and capabilities. They are a proven model on the international scene in promoting and moving forward the needed infrastructure and expertise in both developed and developing countries. Focus on capacity-building on African campuses. African universities should play a unique role in developing the human infrastructure required for an “information society” – as they have in other countries. Development of needed campus networks and NRENs is a key component of providing actual experience in designing, building, and operating modern communications networks. Keep the larger perspective. R&E is key to development of the Internet more generally (the original NSFnet model, as well as multiple examples in other countries), and the Internet is key to African development more generally. Accordingly, we should look for projects in areas related to R&E that have potential for wider impact, above all in the health sector.

32. 32 25 Sept. 2005 AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) “Significant Broadband Access” Enables “Significant International Collaboration in Research and Education” Leads To “Empowerment and Economic Development”

33. 33 25 Sept. 2005 AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) African Collaboration Initiative IEEAF Donations – 10 Gig and STM-4 – 17 Time Zones TokyoHamburg ThaiREN WHREN

34. 34 25 Sept. 2005 AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) “Significant Broadband Access” Enables “Significant International Collaboration in Research and Education” Leads To “Empowerment and Economic Development” The Issues: In-Country “PTT Protectionist” Issues Local Domestic Politics Consortium Submarine Cable Operators “Seasoned Monopoly” Missing International Business Drivers Sustainability

35. 35 25 Sept. 2005 AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) The Plan: Bring to bear our experience with public-private partnership and “17 time zones of critical mass success in bandwidth donations.” Add a team with “historical knowledge of projects, participants and government relationships.” Team together “International Telecom Knowledge” and their Relationships with “global multinational telecom opportunities and barter.” “Establish the beach head – Set-up Hub and Spoke Design” -- the first Quilt patch. “Significant Broadband Access” Enables “Significant International Collaboration in Research and Education” Leads To “Empowerment and Economic Development”

36. 36 25 Sept. 2005 AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) STEP ONE: Submarine Cable Landing Site To First University Asset Steward Exchange Point

37. 37 25 Sept. 2005 AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION STRATEGIC PLAN: Leverage NSF funding for link to Africa Step OneStep Two Asset Steward Hub and Spoke to neighboring country design project Terrestrial Fiber plan solution from CHE to University TEP Submarine Cable Plan from Amsterdam to Portugal to Senegal and Ghana Collaboration with defined African Research Initiatives WiMAX to extend access around University TEP

38. 38 25 Sept. 2005 TEP IEEAF Asset Steward Technology Exchange Point (TEP) Second Phase of donator’s network to neighboring countries R & E Community Global Medical Research Exchange (GMRE) Neutral Exchange Submarine Cablehead End Building Donated Backhaul Dark Fiber International and National Neutral Exchange Facility Telecom Fiber Donators Facility Space Carrier Neutral Exchange Facility Content Services Servicing African R&E Institutions and Government Projects Global Telemedicine Initiatives AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) U U H U University Key H Hospital

39. 39 25 Sept. 2005 AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) STEP TWO: HUB AND SPOKE EXPANSIONS: Border country telecom donations “linking” back to the newly established international exchange point with IEEAF ‘‘University Asset Steward’’ at sub-cable landing

40. 40 25 Sept. 2005 Country A Country C Country BCountry D Country E U U H H AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) U University Key H Hospital Step Two U U

41. 41 25 Sept. 2005 Country A …Cable Head End AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) Country B U H Telco Fiber Network U Country B Donated Backhaul Country C U H U Country A Second Phase of Donator’s Network to neighboring countries Step Two

42. 42 25 Sept. 2005 LIBYA EGYPT TUNISIA NIGER CHAD SUDAN ALGERIA MOROCCO MALI WESTERN SAHARA MAURITANIA IVORY COAST LIBERIA TOGO BENIN SIERRA LEONE BURKINA FASO GUINEA NIGERIA GUINEA BISSAU THE GAMBIA CAMEROON CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CONGO GABON EQUATORIAL GUINEA ANGOLA TANZANIA ETHIOPIA KENYA UGANDA RWANDA SOMALIA DJIBOUTI ZAMBABWE ZAMBIA MOZAMBIQUE MADAGASCAR SOUTH AFRICA BOTSWANA NAMIBIA LESOTHO SWAZILAND ANGOLA MALAWI South Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea Red Sea Indian Ocean DEMOCRATIC REP. Of Congo BURUNDI SAUDI ARABIA Yaounde Ile-ife University U Bamako * Niamey Beira Dares Salaam Mombasa SAT 3 SAFE UAE Lagos TEP SENEGAL TEP GHANA TEP Capita TEP AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) EASSY World Bank Regional Communications Infrastructure Program (“RCIP”) A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B Countries A Countries B DANTE EUMEDCONNECT EMC

43. 43 25 Sept. 2005 AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) Invite the R&E community starting from today to stand with us for a “FINAL PUSH” “Alignment”… … Our combined weight, pushing in a single direction, will burst open the “Access Doorways” for our African Colleagues The Invitation: The End Result……… Broadband for Research Project Collaborations equals “Empowerment and Economic Development” “Significant Broadband Access” Leads To “Empowerment and Economic Development”

44. THE GLOBAL QUILT