1. Open Source Software You Can Use Michelle Murrain Nonprofit Open Source Initiative MetaCentric Technology Advising May 20, 2008

2. Outline What is free and open source software? (very quick) Stages of open source development Using Open Source software Types of software How to get support Q&A

3. What is free and open source software? Software is released under a license that allows: Access to source code Modification of code Re-release of code (in certain ways that differ by license) This is free as in 'libre' Open source software does not have to be without cost to obtain, but almost always is (free as in 'beer') Many “free” software products are not 'libre' – not open source

4. Stages of open source development Pre-Alpha Maybe just a design One or a few developers Usually doesn't work No documentation Alpha Very first version Usually buggy Still a few developers. No community Little or no documentation

5. Stages, cont. Beta Can still be buggy Might have more developers A forming community Mature Software works well Good documentation (books, even) Good UI (if applicable) Active developer and user communities I'm going to talk largely about mature software.

6. Using Open Source Software There are open source tools you can download right now and use, no matter what your platform, that are useful, mature, secure and easy to use. If your website is on a Unix or Linux based host – you've been using open source software already. Some of the software I'll talk about you might implement with help of a provider.

7. Types of Software Operating Systems Server software Fileserver software Web/mail server software Database systems Web application platforms Desktop applications

8. About this review This is not an exhaustive list of all free and open source software that is mature and usable. But it is a good review of most of the software out there that is going to be useful to nonprofit organizations.

9. There are two common, mature open source operating systems... Linux RedHat/Fedora Debian Ubuntu Kubuntu Edubuntu others Mandriva SUSE and many, many others... BSD FreeBSD OpenBSD NetBSD Darwin (Basis of Mac OS X – based on FreeBSD) a few others, not much used

10. Operating Systems Linux and BSD are very mature and strong on the server/appliance side Varied flavors of Linux are used in network and security appliances Linux and BSD are virtually ubiquitous in web hosting environments, from virtual host companies, to large enterprises (like Yahoo and Google.)

11. How to get Linux There are commercial versions of Linux that include enterprise- level support (RedHat, Novell, Ubuntu) You can buy a box sometimes (relatively inexpensive) in a store (may come with installation support.) Download an ISO from the website of the distribution or a mirror, either directly or via bittorrent (won't come with any support except community support.) Buy a CD from OSDisc, or another vendor (also won't come with support – these just duplicate the CDs from the websites – so they are cheap if bandwidth is an issue.)

15. Server Applications Samba – allows Linux to act as a Windows file and print server – very mature Mailman – mailing list manager Applications for internet services and systems administration very mature, some in use for 15 years or more

16. Server Applications LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Perl/Python) This has become an industry standard web application development stack Included in all unix-based virtual hosting services. Each component of the stack is Mature PHP/Perl/Python are programming languages Ruby on Rails Newer web framework that is gaining steam. Uses the Ruby language.

17. Server Applications Apache – industry standard web server. It runs twice as many webservers as the closest competitor (MS IIS). MySQL – very popular database server PostgreSQL – considered as good as Oracle by many Tomcat – project of Apache, used for running Java web applications

18. Server Applications Web platforms/CMS Drupal Joomla Plone These three have become standard. They have overlapping feature sets, and they are differently customizable. But all are very solid CMS platforms Others: Typo3 Alfresco

19. Blogging platforms Wordpress – specialized for blogging – the others can be used that way, but if all you want is a blog – Wordpress is great. Movable Type – newly open source, also specialized for blogging

20. Drupal

21. Joomla

22. MediaWiki

24. Project Pier

25. Moodle (Courseware)

26. phpBB

27. Server Applications: Business Processes SQL-Ledger – server-based accounting package CiviCRM – server-based CRM/Fundraising package SugarCRM – server-based enterprise CRM package

28. SQL-Ledger

29. SugarCRM

30. CiviCRM

31. Desktop Software Mozilla Suite (all platforms) Firefox Thunderbird Spinoffs: Flock Camino (Mac browser) Sunbird (Calendaring - not so mature) Open Office (all platforms) Adium (Mac OS X) GIMP

32. Firefox

33. Thunderbird

34. Open Office Has word processor, spreadsheet, presentation program, drawing program, HTML and XML editors, and a database. It will read and write Microsoft Office formats (except Office Open XML). It uses open standards for native document formats It exports PDFs OO Base ≠ Access (way too immature)

36. OO Writer OO Calc

37. GIMP

38. Desktop Linux As of 2008 – good everyday operating system for some desktops Ubuntu 8.04 probably the best bet Xandros, Fedora, Linspire, SUSE, others There will be snags Hardware drivers some proprietary formats missing or immature software

39. For Whom? Great for Email/Web stations Great for Kiosks Great for staff who only need the basic apps Probably not for most power users (unless they are serious developers) Not for creatives – graphic, publishing, media applications are lacking Great for developers

43. What FOSS is being used in nonprofits? A recent NOSI survey found: 60% of respondents used FOSS on webservers 80% used FOSS on Windows desktops (largely Firefox) Many fewer (~20%) used FOSS as a desktop operating system

44. What are the barriers to FOSS adoption 1)Familiarity with proprietary tools 2)Lack of support 3)Lack of staff expertise 4)Lack of training

45. How to get support for FOSS Evolving support model Developer and user communities – this was the traditional, “self-help” model of technical support – this is, for many nonprofits, not enough support for implementation Consultants and trainers Companies (RedHat, MySQL, Canonical) In our space: Technology Providers are increasingly working with FOSS

46. Next Steps Try Firefox if you haven't yet Try out Open Office Try running a “liveCD” of Linux – a way to do a test drive on your computer without installing anything Have a need for simple email/web stations? Don't want to buy new hardware? Think of using Linux with older hardware.

47. Your Questions? !?? ??? ??!?

48. Resources http://wiki.metacentric.org/ - list of links for software mentioned here, and other resources. http://wiki.metacentric.org/ http://nosi.net/projects/primer - Updated Open Source primer written in 2007. http://nosi.net/projects/primer http://nosi.net - NOSI's website. http://nosi.net