1. DTDs : definitions

2. Defining Elements PCDATA: Parsed character data i.e., any characters without further XML structure

3. Defining Elements Example: 0421-218-4283

4. Defining Elements: sequences Example: John Smith

5. Defining Elements: repetition and optionality <!ELEMENT name (first_name, middle_name*, last_name+)> ?Zero or one of the element *Zero or more of the element +One or more of the element

6. Defining Elements: choices <!ELEMENT digit (zero | one | two | three | four | five | six | seven | eight | nine | zero)> Example: stuff of some kind

7. Defining Elements: combinations <!ELEMENT circle (center, (radius | diameter)) > Examples: stuff of some kind 3m stuff of some kind 3m

8. Defining Elements: mixed content <!ELEMENT paragraph (#PCDATA | name | profession | footnote | emphasize | date )* > With this option, you cannot then count particular occurrences, nor can this appear as a sub- element in other definitions!

9. Defining Attributes Example: CDATA: character data

10. Attributes Types CDATA NMTOKEN : name token ID IDREF IDS IDREFS

11. Defining Attributes <!ATTLIST image source CDATA #REQUIRED alt CDATA #IMPLIED> Example: <image source=“my-picture.jpg” alt=“this is my picture”/>

12. ID Attributes Example: This is a difficult problem.

13. IDREF Attributes Example: This is a difficult problem.

14. IDREFS Attributes <!ATTLIST interesting turn IDREFS #REQUIRED> Example: This is a difficult problem.