1. 10. The Origins of Peacekeeping Observer Missions

2. 10. The Origins of Peacekeeping: Observer Missions Learning Objectives – Examine the origins of peacekeeping operations – Familiar with Observer Missions – Apply the Observer Mission model

3. 10.1. Early Missions Influences and determinants

4. The Greek Civil War (1946-1949) UN Commission of Investigation of Greek Frontier Incidents (Jan.1947) UN Special Committee on the Balkans (UNSCOB) (Oct. 1947)

5. Indonesian Independence (1946-1949) UN Committee of Good Offices (1947) Consular Commission UN Commission for Indonesia (1949)

6. India and Pakistan (1949 - ?) UN Observer Group in India and Pakistan (1948)

7. First Arab-Israeli War (1948 - ?) UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) (1949)

8. 10.2. The Observer Mission Model International, UN, and local/regional political context is crucial “Holy Trinity” applies Small numbers Very lightly armed or unarmed Main functions are to observe and report

9. 10.1. Early Missions The advantages of the observer model

10. 10.1. Early Missions The limitations of the observer model

11. 10.3 Applying the Model

12. The Iran – Iraq War (1980 – 1988)