1. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int EMEPs contribution to a multi-purpose monitoring capasity for atmospheric composition in Europe being compatible with local and global initiatives Conventions and Directives: user requirements Atmospheric Chemistry Applications Workshop, ESTEC, The Netherlands, 20-21. January 2004 Kjetil Tørseth, NILU/EMEP-CCC

2. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int Convention of Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP)  1972 - 1977, OECD - LRTAP, 1972 - 1980, SNSF  1979, Convention on LRTAP (entry into force 1983)  1984, Protocol on Financing of EMEP  1985, 1st. SO 2 -protocol (-30%, 1980-1993)  1988, 1st. NOx-protocol (0%, 1987-1994 (-30%, 12 countries)  1994, 2nd. SO 2 -protocol (differensiated reductions based on critical loads and IAM)  1998, Heavy metals protocol  1998, POPs protocol  1999, 1st. Multi protocol; SOx-NO x -VOC (differencated reductions)  CLRTAP -> about 50 Parties  EMEP -> about 40 Parties Topics addressed by EMEP Acidification and Eutrophication Sulphur, Nitrogen, base cations Photochemical oxidants Tropospheric ozone, precursors (NOx, VOC) Heavy metals Pb, Cd, Hg, +++ Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) PAH, PCB, HCB, Chlordane, DDT/DDE... Particulate matter PM mass, chemical speciation, physical characterisation

3. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int UN ECE Convention On Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

4. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int The EMEP vision; To be the main science based and policy- driven instrument for international cooperation in atmospheric monitoring and modelling activities, emission inventories and projections, and integrated assessment to help solve transboundary air pollution problems in Europe

5. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int CCECIAM MSC-W MSC-E CCC Countries WGSR Information fluxes within CLRTAP Assessment of effects Assessment of Air Quality trends, transport fluxes Critical load Stock at risk Critical load maps Proposed strategies Source-receptor relationships Scenarios Costs, technologies Transport fluxes Emissions WGE EMEP Monitored data Implementation Committee Implementation Committee Emission data

6. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int Monthly values – SO4A ”Accumulated time series plot” – SO4A

7. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int Emitter-receiver calculations (Lead) Depositions to Germany Depositions from Germany Transboundary transport, 2001 MSC-E

8. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int Intercontinental transport of Hg Annual deposition of Hg in the Northern Hemisphere (without European sources) Relative contribution of external sources to mercury deposition in Europe MSC-E

9. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int Intercontinental transport of Hg Deposition to EuropeDeposition from Europe, t/y MSC-E

10. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int

11. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int Critical loads for waters

12. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int EMEP monitoring strategy, 2004-2009 Considerations; Long term operation of atmosperic chemistry monitoring is essential Process understanding, model development for cost efficient abatement and for documenting changes Several requirements Funding, Competence, Ovnership and user involvement, Transparency, Comparability, Foundation in Conventions or legislation is important to ensure long-term operation It is in the interest of the Parties that framework monitoring is cost- efficient and have a multi-purpose application Make of use existing infrastructure and avoid duplication Integration of scales Integration of topics How to make use of ”best science” and new technologies But at the same time conserve consistency

13. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int Regional monitoring programmes on atmospheric chemical composition Various national programmes European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) CLRTAP Working Group on Effects (ICP-F, ICP-IM, ICP-V…) World Meteorological Organisation - Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO-GAW) Marine Conventions (OSPAR, HELCOM) Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) EC AQFD (EiO, EIONET) UNEP Global POPs network EANET Research networks, EUROTRAC, FP4,FP5,FP6 campaigns, CALVAL etc. Formal links are established with most international organisations

14. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int The strategy addresses;  EMEPs strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, in relation to its objectives, and the requirements of the CLRTAP  How can EMEP contribute to a monitoring capacity for other purposes  The need to establish more formal monitoring requirements for those participating in order to improve the compliance

15. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int Key elements in the new strategy Requirements with respect to site location, representativity, network density parameters to be requested temporal resolution methods to be used new opportunities Describes the various topics, current status and monitoring requirements Level 1 requirements Proposal for level 2 Level 3 activities required Financial constraints Network density Reflect phenomenon of interest Resolve geographical gradients Correspond with model resolution users request higher resolution ”All” Parties should participate Lower density at level 2 and level 3 Temporal resolution Correspond with model resolution Correspond with relevant processes Allow the study air mass origin Data quality New use; intercont., EO, data assimilation... Parameters required to adequately understand... having an effect Precursors, indirectly influencing,.. Use other data where existing and relevant New substances

16. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int

17. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int Status EMEP has widened its scope without associated funding being provided Many Parties have expressed their strong support in introducing formal requirements Most countries perform monitoring in excess of EMEP requirements Development of (joint) supersites is in good progress Concern by some parties that their EMEP budgets are limited and strategic discussion nationally on how to put priority between requirements from different frameworks/Conventions seem difficult

18. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int  Large part of the EMEP domaign has insufficient site/parameter density (South, East, aerosol data, gas-particle resolved chemistry, flux data)  Currently we see a large increase in monitoring efforts made across Europe, but the EMEP programme generally receives reduced resources nationally EMEP ozone sitesEMEP VOC sites

19. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int PM2,5 Mandatory for all Parties 15-25 sites across Europe (regional collaboration)

20. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int Voluntary (also non-EMEP)

21. www.nilu.noEMEP Chemical Coordinating Centre www.emep.int