1. Promoting Interaction in Large Classes with Computer-Mediated Feedback Richard Anderson, Ruth Anderson, Tammy VanDeGrift, Steven Wolfman, Ken Yasuhara http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/edtech/

2.  t Classroom Presenter Tablet PC-based presentation system –integrates writing on computer-projected slides –separates instructor’s view of presentation from class view –basis for classroom technology research

3.  t Context University level Focus on large classes (> 50 students) Computer Science and Informatics

4.  t Modern Pedagogy vs. Modern Practice Opportunity for audience participation? active learning participatory interactive student-directed lecture instructor-dominated passive disconnected

5. In the context of current university practice, how can a technological intervention promote interaction in the classroom?

6.  t Design Process 1.Discover what inhibits interaction 2.Understand what makes a good design 3.Design intervention 4.Evaluate

7.  t Inhibiting Factors Through participant observation, pilot studies, and literature search, identified: –Student apprehension –Feedback lag –Single-speaker paradigm

8.  t Design Goals Address inhibiting factors Support student-initiated interaction Scale to large classes Impose low cognitive load Exploit existing classroom structures

9.  t Slides as a Mediating Artifact

10.  t In the classroom: –facilitates communication –structures discussion Outside the classroom: –used as memory aid –used as study guide Across terms –reifies of course knowledge

11.  t Designed System: Classroom Feedback System (CFS)

12.  t A class’ full name includes its package. –for example, java.util.ArrayList or java.lang.String Often it is more convenient to use the class name without the package, e.g., ArrayList, String The import statement tells the compiler where to find class definitions that don't have a complete package name and aren't in the current package –Classes can be imported individually, or all classes in a package can be imported –java.lang.* is imported automatically by the compiler –is not like #include in C/C++ import statement

13. A class’ full name includes its package. »for example, java.util.ArrayList or java.lang.String Often it is more convenient to use the class name without the package, e.g., ArrayList, String The import statement tells the compiler where to find class definitions that don't have a complete package name and aren't in the current package »Classes can be imported individually, or all classes in a package can be imported »java.lang.* is imported automatically by the compiler »is not like #include in C/C++ import statement

14.  t Summer 2002 study: Example slide from lecture on Java packages

15.  t

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17.  t Evaluation Intro. programming course, summer 2002: –150 students total –12 with laptops –9 week course, 3 weeks with CFS Data: observations, surveys, focus groups, interview w/instructor, electronic logs

18.  t CFS increased classroom interaction Spoken interaction pre-CFS Spoken interaction with CFS Total interactions with CFS Total w/out “Got it” # per class 2.42.615.97.9 p-value.91.04.14

19.  t Contributions Slide context as medium for interaction Designed system Evidence of available student feedback Successful “round-trip” interactions Novel interaction patterns for computer- mediated communication [Anderson et al., CHI 2003]

20.  t Future Work Broader study/deployment Support for instructor-planned interaction Archival use of feedback Support complex feedback Scale to more participation

21.  t Related Work ActiveClass [Griswold, CSCL 2003] WILD [Roschelle and Pea, CSCL 2002] ClassTalk [Dufresne et al., 2000] Active learning [Bonwell and Eison, 1991] “CATs” [Angelo and Cross, 1993]

22.  t Acknowledgments UW CSE Education & Educational Technology Research Group MSR Learning Sciences & Technologies Students and instructors from the study http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/edtech/