1. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Computer Networks  Week 1: Introduction; Computer Hardware and Software  Week 2: Network Fundamentals: Living in a Network-Centric World; Communicating over the Network  Week 3: Application Layer Functionality and Protocols  Week 4: OSI Transport Layer I  Week 5: OSI Transport Layer II  Week 6: OSI Network Layer  Week 7: Phase Test  Week 8: Addressing the Network - IPv4  Week 9: Data Link Layer  Week 10: OSI Physical Layer  Week 11: Ethernet  Week 12: Revision

2. 2 Personal Computers and Applications

3. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 3 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Objectives  Identify the purpose and uses of personal computers and describe local and network applications.  Compare and contrast different types of computing devices.  Explain the binary representation of data.  Determine appropriate components and peripheral devices to meet requirements.  Install, verify, and upgrade computer components and peripherals.

4. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 4 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Purpose and Uses of Personal Computers  Multiple uses for computers

5. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 5 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Computers need 3 things...  Hardware  Operating System  Application Software

6. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 6 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Purpose and Uses of Personal Computers  Business & Industry –Medical –Educational –Legal  General Use –Used by a wide range of people –Used for various services

7. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 7 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Types of Computing Devices  Different types of Computers—each one with a different purpose  Online Activity 1.2.1 Online Activity 1.2.1

8. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 8 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Types of Applications  Local – runs on only one PC  Network – runs over the network (the Internet) Must have two components runs on a local computer runs on a remote computer

9. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 9 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Types of Computing Devices  Servers – keep in a secure location (Why??)  High performance computers which provide services to many clients Multiple CPUs Loads of RAM High capacity drives

10. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 10 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Types of Computing Devices  Desktop personal computer (PC)  Used to run everyday applications Email Internet Word Processing Spreadsheet

11. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 11 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Types of Computing Devices  Workstation – high powered computers  Features Multiple processors Large amounts of RAM High capacity drives  Types of applications Computer Aided Design (CAD) 3D Video animation

12. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 12 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Types of Portable Computing Devices  Types and features of portable devices Laptop – AKA a Notebook Use of a docking station with a laptop allows for more connection options

13. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 13 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Binary Representation of Data  Humans use words and pictures to communicate  Computers use bits – 1 or 0 (1=on; 0=off) – just like a light switch –8 bits = 1 byte  Networkers need to be able to understand both

14. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 14 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Binary Representation of Data  Humans use the Base 10 numbering system, but computers only understand binary, so how do we communicate??  Simple – Convert Base 10 to Binary  Try these examples: – 175 – 68 – 255

15. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 15 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public What helps determine the speed?  Type of Media – UTP Cable – Fiber – Wireless  Type of file – Larger files require more time to download  Type of computer

16. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 16 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Binary Representation of Data  Measuring resolution and frequency  Pixels – determines the resolution  Hertz = how fast something recycle or refreshes  300 MHz = 300 million cycles/second

17. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 17 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Determining Appropriate Components and Peripheral Devices  Preassembled or Custom Built – which one should you choose??  Preassembled Advantages: – Lower Cost – Performs most applications  Preassembled Disadvantages: – May lack in performance  Custom Built Advantages: – Exact components – Supports higher performance applications  Custom Built Disadvantages – Costly

18. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 18 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Determining Appropriate Components and Peripheral Devices  Motherboard – main circuit board – slots for network, video, and sound carts

19. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 19 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Determining Appropriate Components and Peripheral Devices  Central Processing Unit (CPU) – nerve center of the computer  Factors to remember when selecting your processor – higher speed = faster performance – more power = more heat  Bus – how data gets to its location (like a highway) – faster bus = faster computer

20. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 20 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Determining Appropriate Components and Peripheral Devices  Random Access Memory (RAM) – temporary storage – stores data while it is being processed by the CPU  Why would a user need more RAM? – Multiple applications running at the same time – Multiple CPUs – Amount of RAM available is determined by the motherboard

21. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 21 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Determining Appropriate Components and Peripheral Devices  Adapter cards add functionality to a computer system

22. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 22 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Determining Appropriate Components and Peripheral Devices  Optical Drives – Use of laser beams to record information – CD or DVD – uses red laser – Blue Ray – uses blue-violet laser can hold up to 25GB of data

23. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 23 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Determining Appropriate Components and Peripheral Devices  Magnetic Drives – Hard Drive – Floppy Drive – Tape Drive

24. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 24 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Determining Appropriate Components and Peripheral Devices  Peripheral Devices – Added to the computer to expand its capabilities –Different categories Input Output Storage Networking  Where do these devices fit??

25. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 25 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Determining Appropriate Components and Peripheral Devices  Surge Protector – prevents damage to the computer  UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) – keeps charge of internal battery – provides backup power without interruption for a short period of time

26. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 26 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Install, Verify and Upgrade Components and Peripherals  Computer Repair Best Practices  Turn PC off and unplug power – Determine if the part is hot-swappable (if so, there is no need to turn off power before adding or removing the part)  Never open power supply or monitor – both contain high voltages  Be aware of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) – transfers electricity from your body to electrical parts – ground yourself properly

27. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 27 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Install, Verify and Upgrade Components and Peripherals  Take the following precautions: –Determine if the component is hot swappable If in doubt, unplug it!! –Attach grounding strap –Remove old component –Check the connection on the new component Should fit easily; if you have to force it, it probably doesn’t belong there –Place component in the correct slot

28. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 28 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Install, Verify and Upgrade Components and Peripherals  PS/2 - connects keyboard and mouse  USB – connects many devices (PnP)  Serial – connects modems/printers  Parallel – connects printer  VGA – connects monitors  RJ11 – connects phone lines  RJ45 – connects to the network