1. Quarter Test Prep Oh NOoooo!

2. 1. What force caused the atoms from the big bang to form into galaxies and stars ?

3. Gravity

4. What is absolute magnitude?

5. True brightness of a star as seen near the star

6. What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?

7. Spiral

8. What causes the pressure in a star that causes it to begin its burning reaction?

9. Gravity

10. Where does the solar wind come from on the sun?

11. Corona

12. What is the last stage a yellow star goes through before it dies?

13. It becomes a red giant

14. What did the Big Bang produce in the way of elements

15. Mostly just Hydrogen and Helium

16. What do elliptical galaxies look like?

17. A fuzzy ball

18. The temperature of a star can be determined by it’s color. What is the correct order of star colors from the coolest to the hottest?

19. Red, Yellow, White, Blue

20. What does solar wind produce in our atmosphere?

21. Aurora Borealis

22. How does a blue star die?

23. It explodes

24. What is the type of star that lives the longest?

25. Red Dwarf

26. What is the type of star that lives the shortest?

27. What type of star is our sun?

28. Yellow Star

29. What type of star has the most gravity?

30. Blue Star

31. What type of star has the least gravity?

32. Red Dwarf

33. Why does Earth have to be on an outer arm of the Milky Way for us to live?

34. There is too much light and radiation in the center of the galaxy for us to survive.

35. How is one way we can tell that the sun gives off a “solar wind?

36. Comet tails always point away from the sun Aurora Borealis Mars atmosphere loss

37. Explain the process of how a star’s mass controls it’s temperature, lifespan, and color.

38. More massive stars have more gravity, The gravity creates more pressure. It is the increased pressure that causes the nuclear reaction to work in a star. The higher the pressure,

39. The stronger the nuclear reaction, and the less stable the star will be. For this reason, Jumbo stars go out of control and explode after a few million years

40. The star’s color depends on it’s temperature, Cool is Red, Medium is Yellow, Hot is White, Super hot is Blue

41. The Meteor Crater we saw in Arizona was caused by a meteorite made of what substance?

42. IRON AND NICKEL

43. During planet formation, when enough smaller masses collide to have enough gravity to cause the body to become round, what is that body then called?

44. Proto-planet

45. During planet formation, when particles of dust combine, what are they called?

46. Planetessimals

47. Where did our atmosphere first come from?

48. Volcanoes

49. Where did the matter that makes up the earth most directly come from?

50. A giant exploded star

51. Building something up over time from many small pieces is called ________

52. Accretion

53. Where did the oceans most directly come from after the earth cooled down a lot?

54. Condensation in the atmosphere

55. All mass has ____.

56. GRAVITY

57. Why was the earth once molten? (What was the main cause of the heat?)

58. Collisions

59. What is the force that causes particles in space to keep forming larger and larger clumps until they finally become a planet?

60. GRAVITY

61. Why are all of the gas giants far from the sun?

62. There is a lot of heat close to the sun that causes hydrogen and He Molecules to move faster than the earth’s escape velocity. Far out where the gas giants orbit it is very cold and the gas molecules slow down enough to be captured by the planet’s gravity

63. Why is the daytime and nighttime temperature the same on Venus?

64. The carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere lets the sunlight in, but won’t het the heat out

65. Which planet is moving the fastest in it’s orbit and why?

66. Mercury must orbit quickly to keep from falling into the sun. The sun’s gravity lessens as distance from the sun increases, so outer planets orbit more slowly.

67. Name Them

68. Why do planets finally stop getting larger?

69. They run out of dust and gas to sweep up

70. Name the planets in order outward from the sun

71. Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

72. Name the 4 terrestrial or rocky planets.

73. Mercury Venus Earth Mars

74. Name the gas giants

75. Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

76. Why is the day length so long and so short in Barrow Alaska?

77. Because in the summer the tilt of the Earth causes the sun to shine on the top of the planet. In the winter it shines on the bottom

78. In the Summer, which place gets the most direct sunlight, Florida or Alaska?

79. Florida. In Alaska the sunlight hits at a very slanted angle

80. In the summer, which axis of the Earth points toward the sun?

81. The north axis

82. At any time of day in the winter, how much of the Earth is illuminated by the sun?

83. One half All planets and moons are always ½ lit by the sun. Which half of the earth is lit depends on the season.

84. The type of energy transfer where a hot fluid or gas rises then sinks again is called---

85. Convection

86. Heated fluid's molecules push apart causing the fluid to expand and become ----.

87. Less dense

88. Why, do the molecules push apart when they are heated?

89. Hotter molecules move much faster, and collide with one another, which pushes them apart

90. Cooling fluid's molecules get close causing the fluid to shrink and become

91. More dense

92. In a liquid or gas mixture, the densest liquid or gas goes where?

93. To the bottom

94. The type of energy transfer where one molecule in a solid directly passes heat energy to the molecule next to it is called--.

95. Conduction

96. The type of energy transfer where energy travels in electromagnetic waves through space is called - -

97. Radiation

98. A metal pan handle gets hot because of what type of energy transfer?

99. Conduction

100. Directly or indirectly, most of the Earth's heat energy comes from--

101. The sun

102. What are the 3 types of energy transfer?

103. Conduction Convection Radiation

104. What type of energy transfer is happening in each of the spots on the nest picture?

106. In convection, what does heat do to the molecules to make gas or liquid become less dense?

107. Why must materials touch each other for conduction to occur between them?

108. Where does the warm air come from in a temperature inversion?

109. SOMEWHERE ELSE that is much warmer

110. What causes the lower air level to be so cold when a temperature inversion forms?

111. The Cold Ground

112. What time of year do large temperature inversions most easily form?

113. Late Winter or early Spring

114. What stops the smoke from going through the warm layer of air at the top of an inversion?

115. The smoke cools a little as it goes through the cold lower air. When it gets to the warm top level, it is denser than that warm layer. The warm layer floats on top of the smoke, holding it down.

116. What is the problem with a temperature inversion?

117. IT can cause heart or lung problems, and even kills a number of people.

118. How can we make temperature inversions cleaner?

119. 1.Build factories and power plants on higher ground. 2.Drive less or cleaner cars 3.No fireplaces or burning

121. What does the ice bag represent?

122. The cold ground

123. densityWhat does the bag of hot water do to the density of the upper air in the jar?

124. Heat makes the upper air less dense

125. What happens to the temperature of the smoke as it goes through the cold air?

126. It cools

127. What happens to the density of the smoke as it goes through the cold air?

128. It becomes more dense

129. What type of air mass?

130. Continental air masses are what?

131. Dry

132. Maritime air masses are what?

133. WET

134. Tropical air masses are what?

135. HOT

136. Polar air masses are what?

137. COLD