1. Наводнения в Санкт-Петербурге текст Страничка автора автора Работу выполнил ученик 7 б класса 261 гимназии Старосельцев Георгий Санкт-Петербург2008 Источники информации

2. Страничка об авторе Я веселый, жизнерадостный, рыжий человек (апельсинчик). Увлечения: Люблю путешествовать, особенно с родителями. Побывали уже в 7 странах Европы, на Карельском перешейке и в Великом Новгороде. Люблю спорт: занимаюсь Тхеквондо, плаванием, рыбачу с папой и катаюсь на коньках с мамой. Люблю проводить весело время со своими друзьями.

3. Источники информации К. Ф. Готт. Наводнение в Санкт-Петербурге 1924 года К. Ф. Готт. Наводнение в Санкт-Петербурге 1924 года К.С.Померанец «Три века петербургских наводнений» К.С.Померанец «Три века петербургских наводнений» С.И. Аллер. Наводнение в Санкт-Петербурге 7 ноября 1824 года. С.И. Аллер. Наводнение в Санкт-Петербурге 7 ноября 1824 года. Веб-сайт Федерального агенства по строительству и жилищно-коммунальному хозяйству, Комплекс защитных сооружений г. Санкт Петербурга от наводнений, http://www.gosstroy.gov.ru/docum_24.htm Веб-сайт Федерального агенства по строительству и жилищно-коммунальному хозяйству, Комплекс защитных сооружений г. Санкт Петербурга от наводнений, http://www.gosstroy.gov.ru/docum_24.htmhttp://www.gosstroy.gov.ru/docum_24.htm Все о реке Неве: мосты, притоки, наводнения. www.nevariver.ru Все о реке Неве: мосты, притоки, наводнения. www.nevariver.ru www.nevariver.ru www.nevariver.ru

4. Floods in Petersburg Flood on the river Neva in Saint Petersburg is a natural disaster, a sharp water lifting in delta of the Neva causing delusion of the urban terrain. More often floods occur in September - December. More often floods occur in September - December.

5. The cause: Cyclones, arising in the Baltic Sea, with a prevalence of west winds cause a "slow" wave to rise and move towards Neva Creek, where it meets the natural river flow moving in the opposite direction. The water level rises because of the shallowness of Neva Bay and the flatness of its bottom, and the narrowing of the Gulf of Finland near the delta.

6. The lifting height of water in the Neva is defined concerning zero of the Kronstadt graduated pole which corresponds to an average level of water of the Baltic sea near Kronstadt,

7. or an ordinary level of the Neva (the latter is 11cm above zero, corresponds to an average level of the Neva near Gorny Institute).

8. A flood is defined as a water rise of more than 160 centimeters above this point.

9. Floods are divided into:  dangerous (161-210cm),  extremely dangerous (211-299cm),  disastrous (300cm and higher).

10. So far it has been recorded more than 300 floods in the history of the city, from which:  234 dangerous,  68 extremely dangerous,  3 disastrous: – September, 10 (21). 1777 - 321cm, – November, 7 (19). 1824 - 421cm, – September, 23. 1924 - 380cm.

11. Founding the city Peter I, probably, believed that lake Ladoga was a quite safe damper, ensuring the uniformity of a drainage to the Neva. And nine floods, even at his life, fallen to Petersburg, puzzled the tsar.

12. Floods almost annually caused damage to the created city.

13. On November, 19 1824 a flood of 410 cm drowned almost all the city except Liteynaya, Rozhdestvenskaya and Karetnaya parts. 462 buildings were destroyed and 3681 ones were damaged.

14. During the flood on September, 23 1924, the second strongest in the history of the city, water drowned more than a half of the terrain, in some places the depth of deluge reached 2-2,5 meters.

15. 19 bridges were destroyed or damaged. More than 5000 buildings were destroyed; about 100 industrial enterprises stopped their activity. More than 5000 buildings were destroyed; about 100 industrial enterprises stopped their activity.

16. Flood control In 1706 Peter I made the cardinal solution - to raise a level of coastal terrains, especially on Vasilyevsky island where he planned to create the city core, its marine front.

17. Flood control The second original proposal named “The project how to protect Saint Petersburg from sloping water” was offered in 1727 by a field marshal B.Minih. The idea was to fence the city and each island separately with the dams raising 4 meters above a normal level.

18. Flood control The third proposal was introduced by professor P.P. Bazen. A year after “ a deluge of XIX century” in 1825 Bazen presented the design of a dam of 22 km long across the gulf of Finland which was at that time considered impossible to carry out.

19. After the flood in 1924 the commission created to protect Leningrad from floods took the design of Bazen as the basis.

20.  The project was completed in 1978.  Constructing of a dam began in 1979, under a western modern design.  In December of 1984 the island Kotlin was connected with mainland (from the northern side).  At the end of the 80s the construction was suspended due to fears of a negative effect of the design on the environment and then – because of the lack of financing.  The construction of the complex, ready on 60 %, was resumed in 2001 and it has continued till today.

21. The general expansion of the complex of structures is to be 25,4km long, the complex will consist of two navigation passes, six culverts and 11 protective dams.

22. The complex of structures