1. Agenda ► Questions? ► Review ► Global Economic Development (Chap 3)  Digression on global communications and geodesy ► Processes of change (the third) ► Technology  Economic Development Process  Rostow’s Model  Critics

2. Today  Regional Economic Change ► Geodesy problem ► Rostowian internal growth theory ► Economic Base  Staples Theory in Canada

4. p.46 24,902 mi 1,038 mph Circ=πd

5. The problem: ► How fast is our communications satellite moving, 22,000 miles above the equator?

6. The satellite is traveling at… ► 6,794.2 mph

7. Critics of Rostowian View ► Rostowian view is part of Modernization Theory:  Science, reason and technology free us from scramble for subsistence  Nation state will create the pre-conditions for take-off ► Has it happened?  Manufacturing in developing countries e.g. China  NICs

8. Under development persists  Grinding poverty  Benefits uneven: Inequality within LDCs  Lack of access to basic nutritional, health, and education needs  Environment degradation  Totalitarian government ► Yet much of the developed world enjoys the high mass consumption phase ► Dependency and underdevelopment are active processes resisting any real form of take-off

9. Where are the trees? 19°N Reuters photo

10. Rostow: An Internal Growth Theory ► A “thousand points of light” ► From subsistence to local trade ► growing incomes stimulate manufacturing ► and competitive advantage ► reinforced by economies of scale. ► Market areas develop around settlements and urban areas emerge.

11. Trade centres with a linear market

14. Export Base Theory ► Basic industries export  Compete internationally initially because of favourable resource base  Regional specialization and economies of scale  Growing interdependency as trade increases ► Non-basic industries develop to serve basic sector e.g. services

15. Staples Theory ► A Canadian theory of Harold Adams Innis ► Staple: a crude commodity or resource product ► Staples emerged at different times and places ► With distinctive upstream and downstream linked industries ► Influencing regional economic development

16. Global demand for Staples has regionalized impacts in Canada