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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 Environmental Management: Readings and Cases Edited by Michael V. Russo.

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Presentation on theme: "Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 Environmental Management: Readings and Cases Edited by Michael V. Russo."— Presentation transcript:

1 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 Environmental Management: Readings and Cases Edited by Michael V. Russo

2 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 Part 4 Principles of Corporate Ecology

3 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.3 Reading 17 Note on Life Cycle Analysis Susan Svoboda

4 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 Components of Life Cycle Analysis Life-Cycle Inventory –Involves quantification of inputs and outputs Life-Cycle Impact Assessment –Consists of careful cost assessment –Tries to capture not only economic & ecological, but also sociocultural and health costs Life-Cycle Improvement Analysis –Concentrates on improvement of processes & products

5 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.5 Inputs and Outputs of a System

6 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 Life Cycle Inventory Subsystems Raw Materials Acquisition Manufacture and Fabrication Transportation and Distribution Consumer Use and Disposal Each of these contributes to a complete process flow diagram

7 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.7 Defining System Boundaries

8 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.8 Raw Material Acquisition Subsystem

9 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 Manufacturing and Fabrication System

10 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 Transportation/Distribution System

11 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.11 Consumer Use/Disposal System

12 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.12 Recycling Subsystem

13 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.13 Reading 18 An Introduction to Environmental Accounting as a Business Management Tool United States Environmental Protection Agency

14 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 Types of Management Decisions Benefiting from Environmental Cost Information Product design Process design Facility siting Purchasing Risk management Environmental compliance strategies Capital investments Cost control Waste management Cost allocation Product retention and mix Product pricing Performance evaluations

15 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 Examples of Environmental Costs Incurred by Firms

16 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.16 Examples of Environmental Costs Incurred by Firms (cont.)

17 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.17 The Spectrum of Environmental Costs

18 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.18 Steps in Environmental Cost Allocation Determine scale and scope Identify environmental costs Quantify those costs Allocate environmental costs to responsible process, product, system, or facility

19 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.19 Traditional Cost Accounting System

20 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.20 Misallocation of Environmental Costs Under Traditional Cost System

21 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.21 Revised Cost Accounting System

22 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.22 Reading 19 Integrating Environment and Technology: Design for Environment Braden R. Allenby

23 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.23 Principles for Integrating Technical and Environmental Systems Methodologies should be comprehensive and systems-based Methodologies should be multidisciplinary A technological focus is necessary to mitigate environmental perturbations Economic actors must internalize environmental costs & constraints Polices and regulations must allow for experimentation and exploration

24 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.24 Design for Environment: Basic Steps Scoping –The target process, product or input is identified –Alternatives are chosen –The depth of required analysis is determined Data Gathering –Focused on environmental, manufacturing, social/political, and toxicity/exposure areas –Leads to matrices for comparing alternatives Data Translation –Information is used to create tools for decisions

25 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.25 Environmental primary matrix for bismuth

26 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.26 Manufacturing primary matrix for indium

27 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.27 Social/political primary matrix for indium

28 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.28 Toxicity/exposure primary matrix for lead

29 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.29 Summary matrix of the analysis

30 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.30 DFE Information System (DFEIS) symbols

31 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.31 Reading 20 Introduction to ISO 14000 Tom Tibor with Ira Feldman

32 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.32 The ISO 14000 Series: Organization 1400x - Environmental mgmt. system standards 1401x - Environmental auditing standards 1402x - Environmental labeling and declarations 1403x - Performance evaluation 1404x - Life cycle assessment 1405x - Terms and definitions 1406x - Product standards

33 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.33 The ISO 14000 Series of Environmental Management Standards

34 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.34 Reasons to Implement ISO 14000 The increasing use of voluntary standards The opportunity to reduce multiplicity & duplication The possibility that the standards may become a de facto requirement Government adoption of standards to replace or supplement other controls The need to satisfy stakeholder interests The chance to lower insurance rates and enhance access to capital The opportunity to capture internal benefits The need to enhance pollution prevention activities The pursuit of environmental excellence

35 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.35 ISO 14000: Concerns and Caveats Increased costs Use of the standards as a non-tariff trade barrier Their possible adoption as a legal requirement The chance that they may not actually improve environmental performance The possibility that the third party registration process will produce consistency and integrity issues

36 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.36 Reading 21 The Natural Step to Sustainability Wingspread Journal

37 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.37 The Natural Step’s Four System Conditions Substances in the Earth’s crust must not systematically increase in nature Substances produced by society must not systematically increase in nature The physical basis for the productivity and diversity of nature must not be systematically diminished Just and efficient use of energy and other resources

38 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.38 Hitting the Wall

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