1. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Paul Bottino, Executive Director pbottino@deas.harvard.edu (617) 496-3423 Mini-MBA in Entrepreneurship Intellectual Property November 30, 2005

2. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Starts with: ideas, conceptions, thoughts That take form through action and are represented by: Copyright Trademark, trade dress, servicemark Patent Trade secrets IP: What is it?

3. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Write them, jot them, note them Formal inventor’s notebook See: http://www.fr.com/news/articledetail.cfm?articleid=72 Document conversations (email) Idea Capture

4. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Idea exchange Sharing, testing, refining, building value telling what v. how action protection non disclosure agreements barriers to execution (e.g., relationships) Disclosure, theft

5. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Copyright – protects expression (75 years) Right to exclude others from copying, performing, displaying, creating derivatives, distributing Patent – protects idea itself (20 years) Right to exclude others from making, using, have made, selling, offering to sell, importing IP as protection

6. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Trademark – protects the quality of a good or service (for use) Right to prevent confusion of consumer Trade secret – protects process, information, etc. (until public) If kept secret and of economic value IP as protection

7. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Patent basics What can be patented? –“Everything under the sun made by man.” Products: things Processes: ways to make things Methods: ways to do things Improvements: better things What can’t –Laws of nature (wind, gravity) –Physical phenomena (sand, water) –Abstract ideas (mathematics, a philosophy) –Inventions which are offensive to public morality or designed for an illegal activity

8. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Patent basics Requirements –Useful –Novel: completely new Prior art (published, sold, made anywhere) –Non-obvious (subjective relative to prior art) Priority –First to invent v. file

9. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Patent search paradox Ascertaining whether an invention is patentable (novelty) involves what has been called the paradox of patentability searching: Search everywhere, find nothing.

10. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Patent costs Novelty search, patentability opinion: $500-$2500 Patent preparation: $5K-$20K (complexity factor) Drawings: $75 per PTO filing fee: $740 (<21 claims, +$50/claim) Amendments: $1K-$5K (complexity factor) PTO Issue fee: $1280, publication fee: $300 Total: $8K-$30K? Maintenance fees after grant 3.5 years $900, 7.5 years $2300, 11.5 years $3800 PCT: flat fee for filing date, $5K+ per country

11. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Who is an inventor? Inventor –a person who alone or in conjunction with others makes a material contribution to the conception of an invention –a person who reduces the conception to practice if it requires extraordinary skill Inventorship is a legal determination

12. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Joint inventors Joint Inventorship –did not have to physically work together at the same time –not necessarily equal contribution –did not have to make a contribution to every claim –must have conceived of at least 1 claim Joint owners may exploit independently Potential for invalidation of patent

13. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Public Disclosure A public disclosure of an invention is an enabled (how) oral or written description to any person not subject to confidentiality –publications, presentations, abstracts, posters After Public Disclosure: –You have one year to file a patent in the U.S. –You lose all foreign rights

14. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Patenting Technology: A guidebook for scientists, engineers, and business professionals… http://www.foleyhoag.com/Newsstand/Publications/patentingBiotechnologyAnOverview.pdf Federal Patent Statute: http://www.access.gpo.gov/uscode/uscmain.html (scroll down to Title 35) U.S. Patent Office: http://www.uspto.gov/ U.S. Patent Searching: http://www.uspto.gov/patft/ International (PCT) Patent Searching: http://pctgazette.wipo.int/ Professional patent searching and analysis service: http://www.globalpriorart.com/ Information for Harvard Inventors: http://www.techtransfer.harvard.edu/InfoForInventors.html Harvard Guide to Patent Law: http://www.techtransfer.harvard.edu/IntellectualProperty.php?IP_branch=IP-Patents How to Draft a Patent Application: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/utility/utility.htm US Patent Office Fees http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/ac/qs/ope/fee2005oct01.htm Patent links

15. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Harvard Students Students own their inventions unless: –it came from student employment –it’s covered by sponsored research agreement –it’s made with ‘significant’ university resources Not those generally available for education

16. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Harvard FY2002 Activity Reports of Invention140 Patent Applications Filed59 New U.S. Patents Issued54 Licenses & Options Granted89 Licensing Revenues ($M)20 –40% from Cardiolite™ (off-patent 2005) –25% from Sequenase & ThermoSequenase –35% from all of the other active licenses

17. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Revenue expectations

18. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Harvard Royalty Sharing First $50KOver $50K Inventor35%25% Department30%40% School20% President’s Share 15%

19. Copyright P.B.Bottino 2005. All rights reserved Distribution of License Revenue (FY02)