1. Post-colonial Literature for Children EDU32PLC Week 9 - Lecture 18 Conflict in the Post-colonial world © La Trobe University, David Beagley 2006

2. References Wars and Conflicts – The Troubles http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/troubles/index.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/troubles/index.shtml http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/index.html Anderson, CC. (1997) Born to the “Troubles”: the Northern Ireland conflict in the books of Joan Lingard and Catherine Sefton. The Lion and the Unicorn. [online] 21(3): 387-401. Available: Project Muse

3. The Troubles The Troubles refers to the period of violent conflict in Northern Ireland beginning with the Civil Rights marches in the late 1960s to the political resolution enshrined in the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. During that time more than 3,000 people were killed, most of them civilians. Centred in the northern counties of Ireland - Ulster Ostensibly between those who want political union with Great Britain (mainly Protestants) and those who want union with the Republic of Ireland (mainly Catholics) In practice, a deep, deep tribal division

4. Where it all began The Troubles have their roots in over a millennium of history and culture between Ireland and Britain c.400 St Patrick, a Romanised Briton, captured by Irish slavers 1167 – Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland 1520s – Henry VIII breaks with Rome and seeks to impose Protestantism in Ireland by force 1610 – settlement of Scottish Presbyterians in Ulster 1649 – Irish rebellion crushed by Oliver Cromwell 1690 – William of Orange defeats James II at the Battle of the Boyne 1790s-1912 – political agitation and occasional rebellions 1916 – Easter Rebellion in Dublin repressed 1921 – Partition establishes Republic of Ireland in South, and Northern Ireland as province of Great Britain

5. Ireland Britain is roughly the size of Victoria, Ireland the size of Tasmania

6. Belfast Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland Population 275,000. City unofficially divided into Protestant and Catholic areas along the Shankhill and Falls Roads

9. Who is involved? Republicans: IRA – Sinn Fein, Real IRA, Provisionals, INLA Loyalists/Unionists: UDA - UFF, UVF, LVF Is the conflict religious? Long history of discrimination between Catholic and Protestant over centuries Badge of identity and identifier of “The Other”

10. The Beat of the Drum Issues Social Morality – how far do I take loyalty to my “family” ? Individuality – being used by others for their own purposes Fighters and Victims – what makes each? Violence – when is it justified? The tide of history – what can one person do in the face of centuries of history?

11. The Beat of the Drum Post-colonial Issues Responsibility - who takes the blame for history? Who is prepared to say “Sorry”? What should a colonial power do to redress the wrongs it created? Do colonial settlers eventually become native? Multiculturalism is desirable, but how does it overcome generations of repression?

12. The Beat of the Drum What is appropriate in Children’s Literature? Is children’s literature the place for warts’n’all reality? Protection (shield them from the nasties, they will get enough later) vs Vaccination (finding out from the safety of a book prepares them to face reality) How should controversial issues be presented? What are the limits?